Fig. 4

Pre- and postoperative changes in each IPSS domain (A) and MFR, PVR, and urine volume (B) (^*p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001 vs. preoperative score). The table below presents the means, standard deviations, and standard errors for each group. Error bars in the bar graph represent standard errors

Abbreviations: IPSS = International Prostate Symptom Score, MFR = maximum flow rate, PVR, post-void residual, SD = standard deviation, SE = standard error