Table 2 The relationship of UI with health-related characteristics among men and women

Body mass index

Underweight and normal (< 25.0)

2000

5.3%

2672

5.6%

4672

5.4%

Overweight (25.0-29.9)

2740

4.6%

2520

10.3%

5260

7.3%

Obese (≥ 30)

1298

7.9%

2153

15.8%

3451

14.9%

Sig.

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Physical Activity / Walking

None

763

8.9%

1436

17.0%

2199

14.2%

1–3 days

796

6.7%

1639

13.4%

2435

11.2%

4–7 days

4479

4.7%

4270

8.3%

8749

6.5%

Sig.

0.056

< 0.001

< 0.001

Sedentary living

< 4 h (active)

2220

3.6%

2790

8.8%

5010

6.5%

4 to 6 h

1892

4.3%

1975

10.9%

3867

7.7%

6 h and highest (sedentary)

1926

8.9%

2580

13.9%

4506

11.7%

Sig.

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Smoking

Currently smoker

2862

3.7%

1601

10.9%

4463

6.3%

Non-smoker

1584

4.7%

5078

10.6%

6662

9.2%

Former smoker

1592

9.4%

666

15.9%

2258

11.3%

Sig.

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Perceived health (self-rated health)

Excellent or Good

3840

1.6%

3614

3.7%

7454

2.6%

Fair

1727

9.1%

2759

15.1%

4486

12.8%

Poor or very poor

471

24.0%

972

27.7%

1443

26.5%

Sig.

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

COPD, chronic lung diseases

Yes

360

18.3%

747

23.7%

1107

22.0%

No

5678

4.7%

6598

9.7%

12,276

7.4%

Sig.

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Hypertension

Yes

867

15.5%

1734

22.4%

2601

20.1%

No

5171

3.8%

5611

7.7%

10,782

5.8%

Sig.

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Diabetes

Yes

641

16.7%

1083

24.5%

1724

21.6%

No

5397

4.2%

6262

8.9%

11,659

6.7%

Sig.

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Total

6038

7345

13,383