CT findings and clinical characteristics in distinguishing renal urothelial carcinoma mimicking renal cell carcinoma from clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Table 1 Logistic regression analysis for Clinical-CT characteristics of RUC and ccRCC

Variable	Univariate logistic regression			Multivariate logistic regression
Variable	p	OR	95%CI	p	OR	95%CI
IGP
Bean shape	< 0.001	0.028	0.010–0.081	0.001	0.114	0.031–0.420
CsA	0.479	0.743	0.326–1.693	0.825	0.861	0.228–3.258
Ball shape		Ref. (1.000)			Ref. (1.000)
PcS	< 0.001	14.034	4.973–39.604	0.293	2.074	0.532–8.085
No		Ref. (1.000)			Ref. (1.000)
Hydronephrosis	< 0.001	0.098	0.053–0.181	< 0.001	0.1	0.032–0.319
No		Ref. (1.000)			Ref. (1.000)
HE	< 0.001	13.342	7.069–25.182	< 0.001	20.129	6.522–62.127
No		Ref. (1.000)			Ref. (1.000)
PRC	< 0.001	0.087	0.047–0.162	0.047	0.345	0.120–0.987
No		Ref. (1.000)			Ref. (1.000)
Hematuria
GH	< 0.001	0.135	0.061-0.300	0.001	0.113	0.031–0.409
MH	0.005	0.391	0.203–0.753	0.009	0.254	0.089–0.726
No		Ref. (1.000)			Ref. (1.000)
Location
Endophytic	< 0.001	0.129	0.071–0.236	0.278	0.565	0.202–1.585
Exophytic		Ref. (1.000)			Ref. (1.000)
LNM	< 0.001	0.119	0.057–0.249
No		Ref. (1.000)
Flank Pain	< 0.001	0.322	0.177–0.585
No		Ref. (1.000)
HKS	< 0.001	0.155	0.077–0.309
No		Ref. (1.000)
Renal calculus	< 0.001	0.209	0.108–0.407
No		Ref. (1.000)
RVI	0.001	0.315	0.162–0.613
No		Ref. (1.000)
PS	< 0.001	0.322	0.181–0.572
No		Ref. (1.000)
Tumor shape
Irregular	0.001	0.301	0.151–0.601
Regular		Ref. (1.000)
DM	0.013	0.400	0.194–0.826
No		Ref. (1.000)
Age	< 0.001	1.086	1.055–1.118
UP	0.413	0.982	0.940–1.026
CP	< 0.001	0.914	0.893–0.936
NP	< 0.001	0.938	0.919–0.958
EP	< 0.001	0.955	0.935–0.974

ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; CI, confidence interval; CP, corticomedullary phase; CsA, cyst-solid appearance; DM, distant metastasis; GH, gross hematuria; HE, heterogeneous enhancement; HKS, history of kidney stones; IGP, infiltrative growth pattern; LNM, lymphatic node metastasis; MH, microscopic hematuria; PcS, pseudo-capsule sign; PRC, preserving reniform contour; PS, perinephric stranding; RUC, renal urothelial carcinoma.; RVI, renal vein invasion
As triple categorical variables (hematuria and infiltrative growth pattern), their OR values were obtained by comparing gross hematuria (bean shape) and microscopic hematuria (cyst-solid appearance) with No (ball shape), respectively. The reference category was No (ball shape). In the table, we expressed the two remaining categories as gross hematuria (bean shape) and microscopic hematuria (cyst-solid appearance)

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