Table 1 Study characteristics
Author, Year Country | Study Design | N | Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria | Mean Age ± SD | Interventions | Procedure Time (min) | Follow Up Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abt et al. 2021 [19] Switzerland | RCT | Total: 81 PAE: 34 TURP: 47 | Males ≥ 40 yrs; TURP indicated after medical treatment or refusal of medical treatment; PV 25–80 mL; IPSS ≥ 8; QOL ≥ 3; Qmax < 12 mL/s or urinary retention | Severe arterial disease; acontractile detrusor; neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction; urethral stenosis; bladder diverticulum; bladder stone; allergy to intravenous contrast media, contraindication for MRI, prostate cancer; renal failure | PAE: 65.7 ± 9.3 TURP: 66.1 ± 9.8 | PAE: performed bilaterally or unilaterally under local anesthesia; 250-400μm microspheres TURP: Monopolar TURP under spinal or general anaesthesia | PAE: 122.2 (25.8) TURP: 69.5 (22.5) | 3, 6, 12, 24 mo |
Carnevale et al. 2016 [20] Brazil | RCT | Total: 45 PAE: 15 PErFecTED PAE: 15 TURP: 15 | Males ≥ 45 yrs; IPSS > 19; symptoms refractory to medical treatment for ≥ 6 mo; Qmax ≤ 12; PV 30–90 ml | Renal failure; bladder calculi or diverticula; suspected prostate cancer; urethral stenosis, neurogenic bladder disorders | Original PAE: 63.5 ± 8.7 PErFecTED: 60.4 ± 5.2 TURP: 66.4 ± 5.6 | PAE: performed bilaterally under local anesthesia; 300-500μm microspheres (original PAE and PErFecTED PAE) TURP: Monopolar TURP under spinal anesthesia | Original PAE: 144.8 ± 50.1 PErFecTED PAE: 147.5 ± 30.4 TURP: 61.7 ± 17.0 | 12 mo |
Gao et al. 2014 [21] China | RCT | Total: 114 PAE: 57 TURP: 57 | IPSS > 7; failed medical therapy with 2 wks washout period; PV 20–100 mL, Qmax < 15 mL/s | Detrusor hyperactivity or hypocontractility; urethral stricture; prostate cancer; diabetes mellitus; previous prostate, bladder neck, or urethral surgery | PAE: 67.7 ± 8.7 TURP: 66.4 ± 7.8 | PAE: performed bilaterally or unilaterally under local anesthesia; 355-500μm TURP: Bipolar TURP under epidural anesthesia | PAE: 89.7 ± 17.1 TURP: 83.5 ± 17.5 | 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 mo |
Insausti et al. 2020 [22] Spain | RCT | Total: 45 PAE: 23 TURP: 22 | Males > 60 yrs; BPH-related LUTS refractory to medical treatment for ≥ 6 mo or could not receive medical; IPSS ≥ 8; QOL ≥ 3, Qmax ≤ 10 ml/s or urinary retention | Severe arterial disease; non-visualization of the prostatic artery; urethral stenosis; detrusor failure or neurogenic bladder; GFR < 30 ml/min, prostate cancer | PAE: 72.4 ± 6.2 TURP: 71.8 ± 5.5 | PAE: performed bilaterally under local anesthesia; 300-500μm microspheres TURP: Bipolar TURP under spinal or general anesthesia | PAE: 138.7 (51.9) TURP: 70.2 (21.1) | 3, 6, 12 mo |
Radwan et al. 2020 [23] Egypt | RCT | Total: 60 PAE: 20 M-TURP: 20 B-TURP: 20 | IPSS 8–35; average flow ≤ 10 ml/s, PV < 100 ml | Elevated kidney functions; allergy to IV contrast medial; prostate cancer; history of prostatic or urethral operations; signs of decompensated bladder; urinary tract infection | PAE: 63 TURP: 63 | PAE: performed bilaterally under local anesthetic; 6 microspheres TURP: Monopolar or bipolar TURP | PAE: 89 M-TURP: 59 B-TURP: 68 | 6 mo |
Ray et al. 2018 [24] United Kingdom | Observational study | Total: 305 PAE: 216 TURP: 90 | Males with LUTS; fluent in English | Not stated by the study | PAE: 66 ± 7.4 TURP: 70 ± 7.5 | PAE: PVA microspheres TURP: Monopolar and bipolar TURP | PAE: 144 (51) TURP: NR | 1, 3, 6, 12 mo |
Russo et al. 2015 [25] Italy, Russia | Observational study | Total: 160 PAE: 80 OSP: 80 | IPSS > 12; PSA level < 4 ng/ml or 4–10 ng/ml; negative prostate biopsy; PV > 80 cm3; Qmax < 15 mL/s | Neurogenic bladder dysfunction and/or sphincter decompensation, coagulation disorders; chronic kidney disease, previous surgical or medical treatment with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors; life expectancy < 2 yrs; bladder stones; catheter or acute retention of urine in the last 4 wks | PAE: 67.0 ± 5.72 TURP: 68.4 ± 6.13 | PAE: 300-500μm microspheres OSP: Suprapubic transvesical open prostatectomy | PAE: 84 (68–101)a OSP: 57 (42–74)a | 1, 6, 12 mo |