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Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics

From: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy guided by 5G-powered robot-assisted teleultrasound diagnosis system: first clinical experience with a novel tele-assistance approach (IDEAL stage 1)

Variables

Results

Total cases, n

15

Age, yr, median (IQR)

42 (33)

Gender, n (%)

 

 Male

6 (40)

 Female

9 (60)

Body mass index, kg/m2

23.9 (9.7)

Anesthesiologists Society of America score, n (%)

 

 I

8 (53.3)

 II

5 (33.3)

 III

1 (6.7)

 IV

1 (6.7)

Preoperative renal function, n (%)

 

 Normal

14 (93.3)

 Abnormal

1 (6.7)

Guy’s Stone Scores grade, n (%)

 

 III

10 (66.7)

 IV

5 (33.3)

Total stone volume, cm3, median (IQR)

4.7 (2.8)

Stone density, HU, median (IQR)

1044 (490.6)

Previous extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, n (%)

 

 No

8 (53.3)

 Yes

7 (46.7)

Previous kidney-stone surgerya, n (%)

 

 No

7 (46.7)

 Yes

8 (53.3)

Presence of hydronephrosis, n (%)

 

 No

6 (40)

 Yes

9 (60)

Mid-stream urine culture, n (%)

 

 Negative

8 (53.3)

 Positive

7 (46.7)

Renal-related anatomical abnormalityb, n (%)

 

 No

11 (73.3)

 Yes

4 (26.7)

  1. a Including flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy or pyelolithotomy;
  2. b Including solitary kidney, horseshoe kidney, notable nephroptosis, ectopic thoracic kidney caused by scoliosis deformity or rachiterata;
  3. HU = hounsfield unit; IQR = interquartile range