Table 3 Clinical manifestations of forgotten ureteral stents
From: Forgotten ureteral stents: a systematic review of literature
Primary presenting complaints (n = 880) | % (n) |
|---|---|
Flank pain* | 37.3 (328) |
LUTS | 33.3 (293) |
Haematuria | 22.8 (201) |
Dysuria | 18.0 (158) |
Fever or systemic infections | 19.2 (169) |
Asymptomatic | 10.8 (95) |
Uraemic symptoms | 4.2 (37) |
Stenturia** | 1.0 (9) |
Complications (total n) | |
Encrustation (1303) | 80.8 (1053) |
UTIs, positive urine culture (880) | 40.2 (354) |
Elevated sCr or impaired eGFR (392) | 25.8 (101) |
Spontaneous fracture (949) | 16.1 (153) |
Migration (951) | 7.2 (68) |