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Table 5 Anomaliesā€™ finding in all cases

From: Aphallia - congenital absence of the penis: a systematic review

Affected System

Organ

Anomaly

Reported

Result

Genitourinary

Renal

Ā 

63% (n:26)

Ā 
Ā 

Renal Agenesis

Ā 

12% (n:5)

Ā 

Hypoplastic renal

Ā 

4% (n:2)

Ā 

Dysplastic renal

Ā 

19% (n:8)

Ā 

Hydronephrosis

Ā 

34% (n:14)

Ureteral

Ā 

29% (n:12)

Ā 
Ā 

Reflux Ureteral

Ā 

26% (n:11)

Ā 

Absence

Ā 

7% (n:3)

Ā 

Ectopic Ureteral

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Ā 

Ureterocele

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Bladder

Ā 

21% (n:9)

Ā 
Ā 

Absence of bladder

Ā 

7% (n:3)

Ā 

Hypoplastic bladder

Ā 

4% (n:2)

Ā 

Posterior bladder diverticulum

Ā 

4% (n:2)

Ā 

Hemibladder

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Ā 

Three bladders

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Prostate

Ā 

4% (n:2)

Ā 
Ā 

Prostate absence

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Ā 

Hypoplastic prostate

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Urethra

Ā 

21% (n:9)

Ā 
Ā 

Absence of urethra

Ā 

9% (n:4)

Ā 

Posterior ureteral valve

Ā 

7% (n:3)

Ā 

Urethral stone

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Ā 

Urethral stenosis

Ā 

4% (n:2)

Fistula

Ā 

80% (n: 28)

Ā 
Ā 

Urethrorectal

Ā 

46% (n:19)

Ā 

Urethroperineal

Ā 

17% (n:7)

Ā 

Vesicorectal

Ā 

59% (n:4)

Ā 

Urachal fistula

Ā 

4% (n: 2)

Ā 

Ureterorectal

Ā 

2% (n: 1)

Respiratory system

Lung

Ā 

9% (n:4)

Ā 
Ā 

right lung absent

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Ā 

pulmonary hypoplasia

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Ā 

pulmonary hypertension

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Ā 

pulmonary hyperplasia

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Cardiovascular system

Cardiac

Ā 

12% (n:5)

Ā 
Ā 

PDA

Ā 

4% (n:2)

Ā 

ASD

Ā 

4% (n:2)

Ā 

tricuspid valve insufficiency

Ā 

7% (n:3)

Ā 

hypertrophic myocardia

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Digestive system

Ā Ā 

8% (n:3)

Ā 
Ā 

Omphalocele

Ā 

4% (n:2)

Ā 

duplicated colon,

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Ā 

Duplicated caecum

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Ā 

Duplicated appendix

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Ā 

short bowel syndrome

Ā 

2% (n:1)

Musculoskeletal System

Lower Extremity

Ā 

4% (n:2)

Ā 
Ā 

clubfoot bilateral

Ā 

4% (n:2)