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Figure 3 | BMC Urology

Figure 3

From: Single minimum incision endoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal tumors with preoperative virtual navigation using 3D-CT volume-rendering

Figure 3

Sketches of the surgical field viewed through the narrow incision for MIES. A: Beneath the psoas muscle, the posterior surface of the right renal artery (RRA) is seen running across the posterior surface of the inferior vena cava (IVC) (surrounded by fibrous connective tissue) at the level of the middle part of the right kidney. B: Behind the divided RRA, the posterior surface of the right renal vein (RRV) arises vertically from the right side of the IVC. C: Beneath the psoas muscle, the posterior surface of the left renal artery (LRA) runs vertically in the fibro-fatty connective tissue at the level of the middle part of the left kidney. D: Behind the divided LRA, a complicated venous plexes is found, including the posterior surfaces of the gonadal, adrenal, and left renal veins (LRV), and the anterior surface of the lumbar vein.

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