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  2. Bulbar urethral stricture is a common cause for urinary symptoms in men and its two main treatment options both have drawbacks with little evidence on their relative cost-effectiveness. Current guidelines on t...

    Authors: Jing Shen, Luke Vale, Beatriz Goulao, Paul Whybrow, Stephen Payne and Nick Watkin

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:76

    Content type: Research

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  3. There has been a limited number of reports on the significance and risk factors of urethrovesical anastomotic urinary leakage (AUL) following robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). We aimed to analyze th...

    Authors: Shigenori Kakutani, Yuta Takeshima, Yuta Yamada, Tetsuya Fujimura, Shoichi Nagamoto, Yutaka Enomoto, Yuji Hakozaki, Naoki Kimura, Taro Teshima, Yoshiyuki Akiyama, Yusuke Sato, Taketo Kawai, Daisuke Yamada and Haruki Kume

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:75

    Content type: Research

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  4. To analyze the risk factors of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and urosepsis after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for upper urinary tract stones and to develop a nomogram to predict postoperative uro...

    Authors: Jun Liu, Qingya Yang, Jiayi Lan, Yang Hong, Xiaobo Huang and Bo Yang

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:74

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Simultaneous urothelial cancer manifestation in the lower and upper urinary tract affects approximately 2% of patients. Data on the surgical benchmarks and mid-term oncological outcomes of enbloc robot-assiste...

    Authors: Stephan Buse, Assen Alexandrov, Elio Mazzone, Alexandre Mottrie and Axel Haferkamp

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:73

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Flexible ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is used to treat urinary tract calculi, but postoperative complications include shivering, fever and infection. To investigate the effects of irrigation fluid t...

    Authors: Yue He, You-Gang Feng, Jun He, Bo Liang, Ming-Dong Jiang, Jun Liu, Yong-Ming Kang, Li-Ping Ma, Qin Zhang, Qi-Jia Peng, Tao Yang, Yao Liu, Li Luo and Min Zhang

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:72

    Content type: Research article

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  8. To investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic injection therapy for vesicoureteral reflux in post-pubertal patients with dilated ureteral orifice via modified hydrodistension implantation techniques.

    Authors: Tetsuji Maruyama, Kentaro Mizuno, Hidenori Nishio, Taiki Kato, Takashi Hamakawa, Yosuke Ikegami, Takahiro Yasui and Yutaro Hayashi

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:70

    Content type: Research

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  9. Male factor is the major contributor in roughly half of infertility cases. Genetic factors account for 10–15% of male infertility. Microdeletions of azoospermia factors (AZF) on the Yq region are the second mo...

    Authors: Hassan Osman Alhassan Elsaid, Tarteel Gadkareim, Tagwa Abobakr, Eiman Mubarak, Mehad A. Abdelrhem, Dalya Abu, Elsir Abu Alhassan and Hind Abushama

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:69

    Content type: Research

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  10. Due to the invasiveness of prostate biopsy, a prediction model of the individual risk of a positive biopsy result could be helpful to guide clinical decision-making. Most existing models are based on transrect...

    Authors: Yuliang Chen, Zhien Zhou, Yi Zhou, Xingcheng Wu, Yu Xiao, Zhigang Ji, Hanzhong Li and Weigang Yan

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:68

    Content type: Research

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  11. MRI is playing an increasing role in risk stratification and non-invasive diagnosis of the undifferentiated small renal mass. This study was designed to assess the reliability of MRI in diagnostic evaluation o...

    Authors: Suresh de Silva, Kathleen Rebecca Lockhart, Peter Aslan, Peter Nash, Anthony Hutton, David Malouf, Dominic Lee, Paul Cozzi, Fiona MacLean and James Thompson

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:67

    Content type: Research

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  13. This study aimed to introduce a novel method for ureteroileal anastomosis, explore its clinical effectiveness, observe the incidence of postoperative anastomotic stricture, and compare the postoperative compli...

    Authors: Qi Wang, Liang Tang, Liangkuan Bi, Jie Min, Lu Fang, Wei Sun and Dexin Yu

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:65

    Content type: Technical advance

    Published on:

  14. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder is the second most common genitourinary malignancy. Because of the low sensitivity of urinary cytology and the invasiveness and expense of frequent cystoscopies...

    Authors: Reza Yahyazadeh, Davood Bashash, Parisa Ghaffari, Saeid Kord, Ava Safaroghli-Azar and Seyed H. Ghaffari

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:64

    Content type: Research

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  16. Primary Seminal Vesicle (SV) tumours are a rare entity, with most SV masses representing invasion of the SV by malignancy originating in an adjacent organ, most often the prostate. Previously reported primary ...

    Authors: B. Heijkoop, D. Bolton, D. Katz, Andrew Ryan, J. Epstein and S. Appu

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:62

    Content type: Case report

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  17. While the resistance rates of commonly detected uropathogens are well described, those of less frequent Gram-negative uropathogenic bacteria have seldom been reported. The aim of this study was to examine the ...

    Authors: Jan Hrbacek, Pavel Cermak and Roman Zachoval

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:61

    Content type: Research article

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  18. CD276 is an immune checkpoint molecule. Elevated CD276 expression by urothelial carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis, but little is known about its expression across different tumor stages. We therefore...

    Authors: Wilhelm K. Aicher, M. Korn, L. Reitnauer, F. B. Maurer, J. Hennenlotter, P. C. Black, T. Todenhofer, J. Bedke and A. Stenzl

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:60

    Content type: Research

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  19. The aim of the present study was to investigate the perioperative parameters associated with bladder neck contracture (BNC) after transurethral surgery of the prostate and to compare the incidence of BNC after...

    Authors: Yi-Zhong Chen, Wun-Rong Lin, Yung-Chiong Chow, Wei-Kung Tsai, Marcelo Chen and Allen W. Chiu

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:59

    Content type: Research

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  20. Long-term use of urethral catheters is associated with high risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) and blockage. Microbial biofilms are a common cause of catheter blockage, reducing their lifetime and significa...

    Authors: Florian H. H. Brill, Julia Hambach, Christian Utpatel, Diana C. Mogrovejo, Henrik Gabriel, Jan-Hendrik Klock, Joerg Steinmann and Andreas Arndt

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:58

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Intermittent catheterization (IC) is a common medical technique to drain urine from the bladder when this is no longer possible by natural means. The objective of this study was to evaluate the standard of car...

    Authors: Almuth Angermund, Gary Inglese, Jimena Goldstine, Laura Iserloh and Berit Libutzki

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:57

    Content type: Database

    Published on:

  22. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an inflammatory condition of the kidney and its treatment most often involves a combination of antibiotics and nephrectomy. This study aimed to define the clinical f...

    Authors: A. Artiles-Medina, I. Laso-García, J. Lorca-Álvaro, M. Mata-Alcaraz, G. Duque-Ruiz, M. Hevia-Palacios, F. Arias-Funez and F. J. Burgos-Revilla

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:56

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  24. Hydronephrosis (HN) is the most common abnormality detected on prenatal ultrasound. This study sought to stratify outcomes of patients by severity of prenatal HN with postnatal outcomes.

    Authors: Zoë G. Baker, Arthi Hannallah, Melissa Trabold, Danielle Estell, Cherry Deng, Andy Y. Chang, S. Scott Sparks, Roger De Filippo and Evalynn Vasquez

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:54

    Content type: Research article

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  27. Severe hypercalcemia is often associated with uncontrolled malignancy through several mechanisms. However, calcitriol-mediated hypercalcemia is a rare etiology for advanced solid tumors.

    Authors: Kai Johnson, Majd Issa, Anish Parikh, Paul Monk, Ming Yin, Amir Mortazavi and Yuanquan Yang

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:51

    Content type: Case report

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  30. to describe the methodology of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy and the anatomy of the area of the verumontanum, and to determine the safety of this procedure, especially in terms of postoperative complicat...

    Authors: Wei-Kang Chen, Dong-Dong Yu, Zhi-Xia Chen, Peng-Fei Li, Jian Cai, Yu-Peng Liu and Zhi-Gang Wu

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:48

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  31. Existing evidence suggests that there is an association between body size and prevalent Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)-related outcomes and nocturia. However, there is limited evidence on the association betw...

    Authors: Saira Khan, K. Y. Wolin, R. Pakpahan, R. L. Grubb, G. A. Colditz, L. Ragard, J. Mabie, B. N. Breyer, G. L. Andriole and S. Sutcliffe

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:47

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones are considered to be highly resistant to chemolysis. While significant organic matter has been identified within these stones, which is presumed to bind (inorganic) CaOx particles...

    Authors: Adi Adelman, Yaniv Shilo, Jonathan Modai, Dan Leibovici, Ishai Dror and Brian Berkowitz

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:46

    Content type: Research article

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  33. The advantages of photodynamic diagnostic technology using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDD) have been established. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the usefulness of ALA-PDD to diagnose ...

    Authors: Koichiro Wada, Motoo Araki, Ryuta Tanimoto, Takuya Sadahira, Shogo Watari, Yuki Maruyama, Yosuke Mitsui, Hirochika Nakajima, Herik Acosta, Satoshi Katayama, Takehiro Iwata, Shingo Nishimura, Atsushi Takamoto, Tomoko Sako, Kohei Edamura, Yasuyuki Kobayashi…

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:45

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  34. Our objective was to assess the efficacy of a high dose cranberry proanthocyanidin extract for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection.

    Authors: Asma Babar, Lynne Moore, Vicky Leblanc, Stéphanie Dudonné, Yves Desjardins, Simone Lemieux, Valérie Bochard, Denis Guyonnet and Sylvie Dodin

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:44

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  35. Inflammatory response biomarkers have been studied as promising prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma, but few studies have focused on papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC). This study was performed to ev...

    Authors: Zhilei Zhang, Yongbo Yu, Jilu Zheng, Mingxin Zhang and Haitao Niu

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:43

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  36. Studies have shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have limited efficacy and can even increase tumour burden in short time periods. This is usually called hyperprogressive disease (HPD). To date, ther...

    Authors: Chao Liu, Jingjing Piao and Zhiyang Shang

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:42

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  37. Overactive bladder is a heterogenous condition with poorly characterized clinical phenotypes. To discover potential patient subtypes in patients with overactive bladder (OAB), we used consensus clustering of t...

    Authors: James Gross, Joel M. Vetter and H. Henry Lai

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:41

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play multiple roles in human cancers through regulating mRNAs and distinct pathways. This paper focused on the functions of miR-4429 in prostate cancer (PCa) ...

    Authors: Jinguo Wang, Sheng Xie, Jun Liu, Tao Li, Wanrong Wang and Ziping Xie

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:40

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  39. Contemporary studies have discredited the methods used to exclude urinary tract infection (UTI) when treating overactive bladder (OAB). Thus we must revisit the OAB phenotype to check that UTI has not been ove...

    Authors: Kiren Gill, Harry Horsley, Sheela Swamy, Rajvinder Khasriya and James Malone-Lee

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:39

    Content type: Research article

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  40. Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed types of cancers worldwide. In its initial period, the tumor is hormone-sensitive, but in advanced states, it evolves into a metastatic castration-resist...

    Authors: Martha E. Cancino-Marentes, Georgina Hernández-Flores, Pablo Cesar Ortiz-Lazareno, María Martha Villaseñor-García, Eduardo Orozco-Alonso, Erick Sierra-Díaz, Raúl Antonio Solís-Martínez, Claudia Carolina Cruz-Gálvez and Alejandro Bravo-Cuellar

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:38

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  41. Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) has become an effective therapy for patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) who do not respond to conservative treatment. However, an effective treatment strategy for ...

    Authors: Shan Chen, Siyou Wang, Yunqiu Gao, Xiaolian Lu, Jiasheng Yan, Lihua Xuan and Shenhong Wang

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:37

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  42. WW Domain Containing Oxidoreductase (WWOX) belongs to the unusual tumor suppressors, whose molecular function is not fully understood in bladder cancer, especially regarding interaction with Activator Protein 2 (...

    Authors: Żaneta Kałuzińska, Damian Kołat, Katarzyna Kośla, Magdalena Orzechowska, Andrzej K. Bednarek and Elżbieta Płuciennik

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:36

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  43. Infection is the most feared complication of a penile prosthesis. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is widely known to increase the risk of several infections, but its role in the penile prosthesis is still controversial...

    Authors: Lucas Mira Gon, Caio César Citatini de Campos, Brunno Raphael Iamashita Voris, Luís Augusto Passeri, Adriano Fregonesi and Cássio Luís Zanettini Riccetto

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:35

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  44. Circumcisions are among the most frequent operations in children. Health service data on circumcision in the United States has documented an increase in neonatal circumcisions since 2012. We investigated wheth...

    Authors: Christina Oetzmann von Sochaczewski, Jan Gödeke and Oliver J. Muensterer

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:34

    Content type: Research article

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  45. The R.I.R.S. scoring system is defined as a novel and straightforward scoring system that uses the main parameters (kidney stone density, inferior pole stones, stone burden, and renal infundibular length) to i...

    Authors: Cong Wang, ShouTong Wang, Xuemei Wang and Jun Lu

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:33

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  46. Double J ureteral stents are widely used on urological patients to provide drainage of the upper urinary tract. Unfourtunately, ureteral stents are not free from complications, as bacterial colonization and re...

    Authors: Federico Soria, Julia E. de La Cruz, Juan Pablo Caballero-Romeu, Manuel Pamplona, Daniel Pérez-Fentes, Luis Resel-Folskerma and Francisco M. Sanchez-Margallo

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:32

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  47. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of preoperative blood parameters in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and tumour thrombus (TT) patients that were surgically treated.

    Authors: Ruotao Xiao, Chuxiao Xu, Wei He, Lei Liu, Hongxian Zhang, Cheng Liu and Lulin Ma

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:31

    Content type: Research article

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  48. The present study was performed to investigate the analgesic efficacy of intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine (ITMB) in terms of treating early postoperative pain in adult patients who underwent robotic-assist...

    Authors: Jung-Woo Shim, Yun Jeong Cho, Hyong Woo Moon, Jaesik Park, Hyung Mook Lee, Yong-Suk Kim, Young Eun Moon, Sang Hyun Hong and Min Suk Chae

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:30

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  50. To compare clinical intra and early postoperative outcomes between conventional Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate using the Virtual Basket tool (VB...

    Authors: Giorgio Bozzini, Matteo Maltagliati, Umberto Besana, Lorenzo Berti, Albert Calori, Maria Chiara Sighinolfi, Salvatore Micali, Jean Baptiste Roche, Ali Gozen, Alexander Mueller, Dimitry Pushkar, Evangelos Liatsikos, Marco Boldini, Carlo Buizza and Bernardo Rocco

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:28

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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