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  3. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the Beckman Coulter prostate health index (PHI) and to compare it with total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and related derivatives in predicting the presence and...

    Authors: Jae Yoon Kim, Ji Hyeong Yu, Luck Hee Sung, Dae Yeon Cho, Hyun-Jung Kim and Soo Jin Yoo

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:131

    Content type: Research

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  5. Balloon dilation is a commonly used minimally invasive endourological treatment of ureteral stricture, but the postoperative recurrence rate is relatively high. And factors contributing to recurrence after tre...

    Authors: Jintao Hu, Cong Lai, Mingchao Gao, Kaiwen Li, Wang He, Dingjun Zhu, Wenlian Xie, Haihua Wu, Meijuan Xu, Jian Huang and Jinli Han

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:129

    Content type: Research article

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  8. To compare ureteroscopy (URS) complementary treatment following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) failure with primary URS lithotripsy for proximal ureteral stones > 10 mm, and try to find out accept...

    Authors: Feng Yao, XiaoLiang Jiang, Bin Xie and Ning Liu

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:126

    Content type: Research

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  9. Genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) is known to cause high rates of structural organ damage, however, literature on its biochemical manifestations is limited. Additionally, local studies in the Philippine settin...

    Authors: Paolo Nikolai H. So and Anthony Russell T. Villanueva

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:125

    Content type: Research

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  10. Currently, immunotherapy is indicated for patients with metastatic RCC or unresectable RCC, but there is no indication for immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting. We report a case in which the combined use o...

    Authors: Kenichi Nishimura, Noriyoshi Miura, Naoya Sugihara, Keisuke Funaki, Kanae Koyama, Yuichiro Sawada, Terutaka Noda, Tetsuya Fukumoto, Yuki Miyauchi, Tadahiko Kikugawa, Takashi Saika, Masafumi Matsumura, Katsuyoshi Hashine and Mashio Taniwaki

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:124

    Content type: Case report

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  11. With the development of minimally invasive technology, more and more people pay attention to aesthetics of the wound after operation. This study is aim to introduce a new surgical technique of transvaginal nat...

    Authors: Qinxin Zhao, Dongdong Han, Feiya Yang, Sujun Han and Nianzeng Xing

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:123

    Content type: Technical advance

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  12. Autologous fascial slings (AFS) have been used for a very long time in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, but the introduction of synthetic mesh slings placed either retropubicallyor trans-ob...

    Authors: Jacopo Durante, Francesca Manassero, Tiziana Fidecicchi, Alessio Tognarelli, Tommaso Di Vico, Pinuccia Faviana and Cesare Selli

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:122

    Content type: Case report

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  14. We report the case of a patient with syphilitic testicular gumma and vasculitis with adrenal failure due to chronic steroid use.

    Authors: Sat Prasad Nepal, Takehiko Nakasato, Takashi Fukagai, Takeshi Shichijo, Jun Morita, Yoshiko Maeda, Kazuhiko Oshinomi, Yoshihiro Nakagami, Tsutomu Unoki, Tetsuo Noguchi, Tatsuki Inoue, Ryosuke Kato, Satoshi Amano, Moyuru Mizunuma, Masahiro Kurokawa, Yoshiki Tsunokawa…

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:120

    Content type: Case report

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  15. Combination drug therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is beneficial to selected patients and recommended by guidelines. Patterns of real-world LUTS drug use, especially combination drug therapy, hav...

    Authors: Mahmood Ali, Margarita Landeira, Patrick J. O. Covernton, Nurul Choudhury, Ashley Jaggi, Francis Fatoye and Rob van Maanen

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:119

    Content type: Research

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  16. It is a challenging problem to differentiate obstructive hydronephrosis from noninvasive evaluation of renal pelvis and ureteral motility in patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of 640-...

    Authors: Chongwen Mao, Cong Peng, Song Li, Liling Chen, Mengjing You, Kewei Fang, Shutian Xiang and Yunshan Su

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:118

    Content type: Research

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  17. Side effects of cisplatin (CIS) such as testicular toxicity restrict its clinical use. Instead, evidence indicates that crocin (CR) has synergistic anti-cancer potential with CIS and exhibited beneficial effec...

    Authors: Behzad Mesbahzadeh, Mohammadmehdi Hassanzadeh-Taheri, Mohadese-sadat Aliparast, Pardis Baniasadi and Mehran Hosseini

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:117

    Content type: Research

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  18. Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the bladder characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the bladder wall. Most Eosinophilic cystitis cases present with mucosal lesions of the urinary ...

    Authors: Hyun Bin Shin, Hyun Sik Park, Joo Heon Kim and Jinsung Park

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:116

    Content type: Case report

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  20. Germline BRCA2 mutation is associated with an aggressive prostate cancer phenotype and indicates higher risk for hereditary cancer. Recently, numerous studies have attempted to identify the genomic landscape of p...

    Authors: Lijuan Jiang, Zunguang Bai, Shoulun Zhu, Tingting Zhao, Yining Yang, Zhiyong Li, Dong Chen, Zhiming Wu, Yanjun Wang, Fangjian Zhou and Yonghong Li

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:114

    Content type: Case report

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  21. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) on bladder function via prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization in a rat model of lipop...

    Authors: Ozgu Aydogdu, Pinar Uyar Gocun, Patrik Aronsson, Thomas Carlsson and Michael Winder

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:113

    Content type: Research

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  22. Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common solid organ cancer. However, there is still no definite consensus before and after organ transplantation (TPL). We aimed to analyze whether PC incidence increased in TPL...

    Authors: Hyung Ho Lee, Jae Young Joung and Sung Han Kim

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:112

    Content type: Research

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  23. Cancer is often associated with a hypercoagulable state and new thrombosis is often the first clinical manifestation of cancer. Surgical treatment of the primary tumor is crucial since it provides the only cur...

    Authors: Benedikt Martin, Andreas Greinacher, Robin Bülow, Fabian Hammer, Andreas Hoene, Martin Burchardt and Uwe Zimmermann

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:111

    Content type: Case report

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  24. Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare urological cancer that is still an important public health concern in many areas around the world. Although UTUC has been linked to a number of risk factors, t...

    Authors: Ahmed Soualhi, Elke Rammant, Gincy George, Beth Russell, Deborah Enting, Rajesh Nair, Mieke Van Hemelrijck and Cecilia Bosco

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:110

    Content type: Research

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  25.  Hunner’s interstitial cystitis (HIC) is a complex disorder characterized by pelvic pain, disrupted urine storage, and Hunner lesions seen on cystoscopy. There are few effective diagnostic biomarkers. In the p...

    Authors: Kaining Lu, Shan Wei, Zhengyi Wang, Kerong Wu, Junhui Jiang, Zejun Yan and Yue Cheng

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:109

    Content type: Research

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  27. To explore the risk factors for severe bleeding complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) according to the modified Clavien scoring system.

    Authors: Xue Dong, Dongnv Wang, Huangqi Zhang, Shuzong You, Wenting Pan, Peipei Pang, Chaoqian Chen, Hongjie Hu and Wenbin Ji

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:107

    Content type: Research

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  28. The optimal management of clinical T4 (cT4) prostate cancer (PC) is still uncertain. At our institution, carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for nonmetastatic PC, including tumors invading the bladder, has been pe...

    Authors: Yuhei Miyasaka, Hidemasa Kawamura, Hiro Sato, Nobuteru Kubo, Tatsuji Mizukami, Hiroshi Matsui, Yoshiyuki Miyazawa, Kazuto Ito, Takashi Nakano, Kazuhiro Suzuki and Tatsuya Ohno

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:106

    Content type: Research article

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  29. Intravenous misplacement of a nephrostomy tube is a rare complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) or percutaneous nephrostomy. The mechanism of misplacement of a nephrostomy tube into the vascular s...

    Authors: Xiao-Feng Chen, Jian-Jun Zhou, Jian-Ming Sun, Guo-Can Cao, Yi-Hua Zou and Wang-Long Deng

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:105

    Content type: Case report

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  30. Recently, renal angioembolization (RAE) has gained an important role in the non-operative management (NOM) of moderate to high-grade blunt renal injuries (BRI), but its use remains heterogeneous. The aim of th...

    Authors: Giovanni Liguori, Giacomo Rebez, Alessandro Larcher, Michele Rizzo, Tommaso Cai, Carlo Trombetta and Andrea Salonia

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:104

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Peyronie’s disease (PD) is a severe fibrotic disease of the tunica albuginea that causes penis curvature and leads to penile pain, deformity, and erectile dysfunction. The role of pericytes in the pathogenesis...

    Authors: Guo Nan Yin, Shuguang Piao, Zhiyong Liu, Lei Wang, Jiyeon Ock, Mi-Hye Kwon, Do-Kyun Kim, Yong Song Gho, Jun-Kyu Suh and Ji-Kan Ryu

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:103

    Content type: Research article

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  32. Recent increased use of medical images induces further burden of their interpretation for physicians. A plain X-ray is a low-cost examination that has low-dose radiation exposure and high availability, althoug...

    Authors: Masaki Kobayashi, Junichiro Ishioka, Yoh Matsuoka, Yuichi Fukuda, Yusuke Kohno, Keizo Kawano, Shinji Morimoto, Rie Muta, Motohiro Fujiwara, Naoko Kawamura, Tetsuo Okuno, Soichiro Yoshida, Minato Yokoyama, Rumi Suda, Ryota Saiki, Kenji Suzuki…

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:102

    Content type: Research

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  33. Ureteroenteric stricture incidence has been reported as high as 20% after urinary diversion. Many patients have undergone prior radiotherapy for prostate, urothelial, colorectal, or gynecologic malignancy. We ...

    Authors: Clinton T. Yeaman, Andrew Winkelman, Kimberly Maciolek, Mei Tuong, Perri Nelson, Chandler Morris, Stephen Culp, Sumit Isharwal and Tracey L. Krupski

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:101

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Urinary incontinence (UI) is a frequently occurring condition among women and increases with age. Effective treatments exist but many women hesitate to contact their general practitioner (GP) regarding UI. The...

    Authors: Dorte Ejg Jarbøl, Peter Fentz Haastrup, Sanne Rasmussen, Jens Søndergaaard and Kirubakaran Balasubramaniam

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:99

    Content type: Research

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  37. The incidence of prostate cancer in renal transplant recipients (RTR) is similar to the general population. Radical prostatectomy (RP) is the standard of care in the management of clinically localized cancer, ...

    Authors: Kun Sirisopana, Pocharapong Jenjitranant, Premsant Sangkum, Kittinut Kijvikai, Suthep Pacharatakul, Charoen Leenanupunth, Wachira Kochakarn and Wisoot Kongchareonsombat

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:97

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  38. The presence of hypoxia is a poor prognostic factor in prostate cancer and the hypoxic tumor microenvironment promotes radioresistance. There is potential for drug radiotherapy combinations to improve the ther...

    Authors: Becky A. S. Bibby, Niluja Thiruthaneeswaran, Lingjian Yang, Ronnie R. Pereira, Elisabet More, Darragh G. McArt, Paul O’Reilly, Robert G. Bristow, Kaye J. Williams, Ananya Choudhury and Catharine M. L. West

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:96

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Nocturia is widely prevalent condition with detrimental effects on quality of life and general health. In Malaysia, there is a lack of up-to-date prevalence study on nocturia. This study aimed to investigate t...

    Authors: Hui-Yin Yow, John Jeh Lung Tiong, Chun-Wai Mai, Esther van der Werf, Zulkifli Md Zainuddin, Charng-Chee Toh, Kay-Seong Ngoo, Eng-Hong Goh, Ahmad Nazran Fadzli, Sze-Han Lok and Teng-Aik Ong

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:95

    Content type: Research article

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  41. Chronic catheterization remains the only attractive option in specific circumstances, especially in neurologically impaired patients. Complications produced by the indwelling catheters, like patulous urethra a...

    Authors: Zachariou Athanasios, Paschopoulos Minas, Kaltsas Aris, Dimitriadis Fotios, Zikopoulos Athanasios, Mamoulakis Charalampos, Takenaka Atsushi and Sofikitis Nikolaos

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:93

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  43. Wilms’ tumor (nephroblastoma) is mostly unilateral; however, bilateral Wilms’ tumors are seen in about 5–8% of patients. This can be synchronous or metachronous. It is uncommon to get liver metastasis from bil...

    Authors: Senai Goitom Sereke, Abdirahman Omar Sahal, Vincent Mboizi and Felix Bongomin

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:91

    Content type: Case report

    Published on:

  44. Bladder cancer (BC) is the second most frequent malignancy of the urinary system. The aim of this study was to identify key microRNAs (miRNAs) and hub genes associated with BC as well as analyse their targeted...

    Authors: Hongjian Wu, Wubing Jiang, Guanghua Ji, Rong Xu, Gaobo Zhou and Hongyuan Yu

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:90

    Content type: Research article

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  45. Intra-operative cell salvage (IOCS) and leukocyte-depleted filter (LDF) are widely used and effective in saving blood. However, the safety issue concerning reinfusion of IOCS–LDF processed blood to renal cell ...

    Authors: Xiaoqing Zhang, Xiangyang Guo, Yanan Zong, Chuanya Xu, Jilian Wang, Bin Zhang, Chang Liu, Yueqing Gong, Lixiang Xue, Lulin Ma, Shudong Zhang, Yi Li and Hong Zeng

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:89

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a leading cause of morbidity in men over the age of 40. This study examined whether there was an association between body mass in...

    Authors: Ken Batai, Michael Phung, Robert Bell, Aye Lwin, Kieran A. Hynes, Elinora Price, Karleen M. Meiklejohn, Erika R. Bracamonte and Joel T. Funk

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:88

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Kaposi’s sarcoma is an uncommon complication in renal transplant patients, and typically presents with cutaneous lesions on the lower extremities. Penile involvement has been reported only rarely. Management o...

    Authors: Matthew A. Anderson, Tracey Ying, Kate Wyburn, Peter M. Ferguson, Madeleine C. Strach, Peter Grimison, Steve Chadban and David M. Gracey

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:87

    Content type: Case report

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  48. Ureteral obturator hernia is a rare condition, usually found accidentally during imaging examinations, or found during surgery. Ureteral hernia can easily lead to ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis. Long-...

    Authors: Yongqiang Hong, Siyu Zhang, Xiuying Kong, Yuxin Zhang, Shaokun Hong and Yuedong Chen

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:86

    Content type: Case report

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  49. Recent reports show that the pre-operative or post-operative skeletal mass index (sarcopenia) affects survival rates for various cancers; however, the link between prostate cancer survival and sarcopenia is un...

    Authors: Won Tae Kim, Ho Won Kang, Sung Pil Seo, Yong-June Kim, Sang Cheol Lee, Wun-Jae Kim, Bum Sang Cho, Yun Sok Ha, Tae Gyun Kwon, Jinsung Park, Seung Chol Park, Young Beom Jeong, Taek Won Kang, Sung-Woo Park and Seok Joong Yun

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:85

    Content type: Research article

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  50. Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) metastasizes in approximately 20–30% cases. The most common sites for metastases are the lungs, bones, liver, and brain. Metastases of RCC in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are ver...

    Authors: Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Nasir Ud Din, Ramin Saadaat and Zubair Ahmad

    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:84

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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