All patients | p-value | Diabetic subgroups | p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non diabetic | Diabetic | Pioglitazone non-users | Pioglitazone users | |||
N | 171 | 33 | 24 | 9 | ||
Age (years ± SEM) | 67.7 | 67.2 | 66.6 ± 1.5 | 68.7 ± 1.8 | ||
Sex (male) | 68.4% | 88% | 0.009a | 88% | 100% | |
Race/ethnicity: No. (%) | ||||||
White | 157 (91.8) | 31 (94) | 22 (92) | 9 (100) | ||
Black | 13 (7.6) | 1 (3) | 1 (4) | - | ||
Asian | 1 (0.6) | - | - | - | ||
Hispanic | - | 1 (3) | 1 (4) | - | ||
Smoking | 71 (41.5) | 12 (36.4) | 5 (20.8) | 7 (77.8) | 0.012a | |
CV disease | 46 (26.9) | 19 (57.6) | 0.01a | 13 (54.2) | 6 (66.7) | |
Pulmonary disease | 26 (15.2) | 7 (21.2) | 5 (20.8) | 6 (66.7) | ||
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.17 | 1.21 | 1.2 ± 0.07 | 1.23 ± 0.11 | ||
BMI | 26.3 | 29.31 | 0.005a | 29.2 ± 1.24 | 29.5 ± 2.3 |