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Table 2 Different extracts of different brands of Serenoa repens discussed and compared in this review

From: Modern extraction techniques and their impact on the pharmacological profile of Serenoa repens extracts for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms

Extract (composition)

Extraction technique

Isolated active compound (%)

Ref.

Sabal Select (>90% free fatty acids or their esterified forms, 0.01-0.15% fatty alcohols, 0.25-0.50% total sterols, 0.15-0.35% β-sitosterol)

Supercritical CO2

Oleic acid (15%)

[26]

Lauric acid (15%)

Sabal Select (>90% free fatty acids or their esterified forms, 0.01-0.15% fatty alcohols, 0.25-0.50% total sterols, 0.15-0.35% β-sitosterol)

Supercritical CO2

Lauric acid (30.2%)

[27, 28]

Oleic acid (28.5%)

Myristic acid (12.1%)

Palmitic acid (9.1%)

Linoleic acid (4.6%)

free fatty acids/mixed triglycerides ratio: ~55/45

Permixon

Solvent (hexane) extraction

Oleic acid (36.0%),

[2933]

Free saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (>90%)

Lauric acid (27.5%),

Myristic acid (12.0%)

Palmitic acid (9.7%).

 

Esterified FAs represent 7%, while the rest is composed of phytosterols, flavonoids, alcohols and polyprenic compounds

Prostasan

Solvent (96% ethanol) extraction

Not reported

[34]

(95% total content of free fatty acids)

Prostasan

Solvent (96% ethanol) extraction

Not reported

[35]

(86% total content of free fatty acids)

Saw Palmetto Berry Powder ( SPBE) (Madis Botanical, Inc., New Jersey)

Solvent (20% ethanol) extraction of (phyto)sterols

β-sitosterol,

[36]

Stigmasterol,

Cholesterol

(90% free fatty acids, alcohols and sterols)

PC-SPES

Solvent (70% ethanol) extraction

Not reported

[37]

Talso, Talso uno

Supercritical CO2

acid lipophilic compounds, fatty alcohols and sterols as main components

[38]

Prostamol Uno

Not reported

Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and phytosteroids

[39, 40]

ProstateEZE Max

Not reported

Serenoa repens standardized to fatty acids, Pygeum africanum standardized to β-sitosterol, Epilobium parviflorum, Cucurbita pepo seed oil, lycopene

[41]

Profluss

Oily extract

Serenoa repens extract 85%, lycopene 6%, selenium

[42]

SeR

Solvent (ethanol) extraction

Not reported

[43]