Table 1 Causes of renal vein thrombosis

Blunt trauma

Severe volume losses e.g., GI fluid loss, haemorrhage, dehydration

Nephrotic Syndrome: Membranous glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Minimal change disease

Trauma during venography

Post transplant distortion/kink of renal vein

Sepsis: Generalized/Localized (in and around kidney)

Renal transplant

Primary retroperitoneal processes with renal vein compression

Puerperium

Infiltration by tumour

Severe volume losses e.g., GI fluid loss, haemorrhage, dehydration

Disseminated malignancy

Acute rejection

Oral contraceptives

Vasculitis

Puerperium

Spontaneous micro-trauma to the endothelium e.g., in homocystinuria

Intrinsic Hypercoagulability: Factor V Leiden (Resistance to activated protein C), Prothrombin gene mutation (G20210A), Deficiency of Protein S, Deficiency of Protein C, Deficiency of anti-thrombin, Unknown/Poorly Understood causes, Anti-phospholipid Syndrome, Primary & Secondary e.g., SLE, Behcet’s disease, AIDS-associated nephropathy