Table 4 Summary of previous studies on terminal dribbling
Source | Study sample | Prevalence | Questionnaires used | Definition of terminal dribbling | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boyarsky et al. (1977) 4 | Not a clinical study | Not determined | A pilot questionnaire with 10 items | No specific definition of terminal dribbling. | Suggested a guideline with a 10 item questionnaire including terminal dribbling. |
Garraway et al. (1991)20 | Community sample | 45 % | A pilot questionnaire by Fowler16 | Patients were asked to rate the frequency of dribbling after urination. (Confusion with post-void dribbling) | Uroflowmetry and transrectal ultrasonography were done. Undetermined impact of terminal dribbling |
Meyhoff et al. (1993)12 | LUTS patients | Not determined | DAN-PSS-1 | “Do you experience dribbling after voiding, when you feel you have finished urination?” (Confusion with post-void dribbling) | Post-void dribbling was aggravated after transurethral prostatectomy. |
Chute et al. (1993) 13 | Community sample | 36–44 % | A pilot questionnaire by Epstein18 | “Dribbling after urinating.” (Confusion with post-void dribbling) | Uroflowmetry and transrectal ultrasonography were done. Terminal dribbling was noted to be bothersome. |
Reynard et al. (1996)6 | LUTS patients | 44 % in questionnaire, 27 % in uroflowmetry | Not determined | “Does your urinary stream end with a dribble?” Gradient of a line drawn between the maximum flow rate and the end of flow was <0.25 and if, in the terminal 15 s of uninterrupted flow, the flow rate did not exceed 5 ml/s at any point. | Pressure-flow study was done. Terminal dribbling on questionnaire was not related to BOO defined by pressure-flow study. |
Hughes et al. (2000)1 | Community sample | 35 % | ICS male questionnaire | “Do you have any trickle/dribble at the final part of micturition?” | Terminal dribbling was the single- most bothersome symptom. |
Scarpa et al. (2001)2 | LUTS patients | 88 % | ICS male questionnaire | “Do you have any trickle/dribble at the final part of micturition?” | Terminal dribbling was the both most common and bothersome symptom |
Jin et al. (2003)3 | LUTS patients | 85.6 % | ICS male questionnaire | “Do you have any trickle/dribble at the final part of micturition?” | Translated questionnaire in Korean. Pressure-flow study was done. IPP was not checked. |
Yano et al. (2004)16 | LUTS patients | Not determined | Saitama Prostate Symptom Score | “Do you experience dribbling after voiding, when you feel you have finished urination?” | Validation study with IPSS. Pressure-flow study was done. Undetermined impact of terminal dribbling. |
Shiri et al. (2005)14 | Community sample | 52 % | DAN-PSS-120 | “Do you consider your urinary stream as dribbling?” | Relationship between LUTS and ED. Terminal dribbling was related to ED. |