Table 4 The relationships between toileting behaviors and overactive bladder among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 1018)
Variables | OR (95% CI) | SE | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Toileting behavior | |||
 Premature voiding | 1.286 (1.048–1.579) | 0.135 | 0.016 |
 Straining to void | 1.243 (1.026–1.506) | 0.122 | 0.026 |
 Delayed voiding | 1.259 (0.969–1.636) | 0.168 | 0.084 |
 Place preference for voiding | 0.883 (0.735–1.062) | 0.083 | 0.188 |
Age | 1.027 (1.006–1.049) | 0.011 | 0.013 |
Sex (female vs. male) | 0.484 (0.274–0.854) | 0.140 | 0.012 |
Race/Ethnicity (Han vs. other) | 4.624 (0.979–21.832) | 3.662 | 0.053 |
Education (ref. = elementary school or lower) | |||
 Middle school | 0.831 (0.471–1.466) | 0.241 | 0.522 |
 High school | 0.638 (0.360–1.130) | 0.186 | 0.124 |
 College or higher | 0.584 (0.308–1.108) | 0.191 | 0.100 |
Marital status (married vs. unmarried) | 0.513 (0.285–0.922) | 0.154 | 0.026 |
Living area (urban vs. rural) | 1.219 (0.706–2.107) | 0.340 | 0.477 |
Income (>3000 vs. ≤3000) | 0.807 (0.523–1.245) | 0.178 | 0.331 |
Smoker | 1.105 (0.659–1.855) | 0.292 | 0.705 |
Alcohol drinker | 0.638 (0.379–1.073) | 0.169 | 0.090 |
Tea drinker | 1.215 (0.781–1.890) | 0.274 | 0.388 |
Fluid intake (>2500 vs. ≤2500) | 1.070 (0.726–1.575) | 0.211 | 0.734 |
Exercise | 0.823 (0.549–1.233) | 0.170 | 0.345 |
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) a | 1.266 (1.033–1.552) | 0.131 | 0.023 |
Urinary tract infection history b | 0.966 (0.496–1.880) | 0.328 | 0.919 |
Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) | 1.183 (1.001–1.397) | 0.101 | 0.049 |
Diabetes mellitus duration | 0.984 (0.955–1.013) | 0.015 | 0.270 |
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy or retinopathy | 1.506 (1.002–2.264) | 0.313 | 0.049 |