Table 1 Study inclusion and exclusion criteria

 • Age > 18 years

 • Urine culture (taken by mid-stream urine; or from the existing transurethral or suprapubic catheter): ≥10⁴ colony forming units/mL of predefined uropathogens (i.e. Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp.)

 • Uropathogens sensitive to Pyo bacteriophage

 • Symptoms: Urgency, frequency, and/or dysuria

 • Written informed consent

• Fever >38 °C

• CRP >100 mg/L

• Acute prostatitis

• Concomitant fungal urinary tract infection

• Current antibiotic treatment or antibiotic treatment within the last 7 days (exceptions: subjects with an active catheter associated urinary tract infection who have received prior antibiotics may be enrolled provided a minimum of 48 h has elapsed between the last dose of the prior antibiotic and the time of obtaining the baseline urine specimen. Subjects receiving current antibiotic prophylaxis for catheter associated urinary tract infection who present signs and symptoms consistent with an active new catheter associated infection may be enrolled provided all other eligibility criteria are met including obtaining a pre-treatment qualifying baseline urine culture)

• Any rapidly progressing disease or immediately life-threatening illness including but not limited to: acute hepatic failure, respiratory failure, and septic shock

• No informed consent