From: The unveiling of a new risk factor associated with bladder cancer in Lebanon
Risk factor
Population at risk
Reference
Relative risk
Smoking
Males
Females
[19]
[22]
 Ex-smokers
6.9%
3.3%
1.5
0.92
 Current smokers
46.8%
31.6%
2
1.73
Trihalomethanes
94.7%
[20]
1.1–1.4
[9, 20]