Effects of biofeedback-based sleep improvement program on urinary symptoms and sleep patterns of elderly Korean women with overactive bladder syndrome

Table 4 Effects of the BBSI program on the patterns of sleep parameters (N = 38)

Variables	BBSI (n = 20)			Control (n = 18)
	Pre	Post		Pre	Post
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	p	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	p ^*
SE (%)	86.89 ± 4.93	90.54 ± 4.36	.004	87.77 ± 5.39	86.71 ± 6.07	.717
WASO (min)	69.20 ± 27.57	37.28 ± 21.16	.001	56.27 ± 22.94	59.48 ± 22.87	.281
Number of awakenings	10.85 ± 4.16	7.12 ± 2.89	.001	10.14 ± 4.80	10.94 ± 4.21	.236
Number of awakenings in 3 h after sleep onset	4.48 ± 1.74	3.44 ± 1.74	.048	4.09 ± 1.81	4.65 ± 2.29	.256

BBSI Biofeedback-based sleep improvement program, OAB Overactive bladder syndrome; p: difference from pre-test to post-test in BBSI groups; p^*: difference from pre-test to post-test in control groups; SE Sleep efficiency, WASO Wake after sleep onset

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