A double blind, placebo-controlled randomized comparative study on the efficacy of phytosterol-enriched and conventional saw palmetto oil in mitigating benign prostate hyperplasia and androgen deficiency

Table 8 Summary of BPH marker analysis

Variable	Observed value				Change from baseline
Variable	Intervention (VISPO) n = 33	Comparator (SPO) n = 33	Placebo n = 33	p-value**	Intervention (VISPO) n = 33	p-value*	Comparator (SPO) n = 33	p-value*	Placebo n = 33	p-value*	p-value**
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) (ng/ml)
Visit 1	2.77 ± 0.56	2.80 ± 0.72	2.83 ± 0.52	0.931⁽¹⁾
Visit 3	2.70 ± 0.59	2.99 ± 0.66	3.01 ± 0.54	0.072⁽¹⁾	−0.07 ± 0.032^a	0.233	0.19 ± 0.40^b	0.011	0.18 ± 0.40^b	0.013	0.008⁽¹⁾
5α-reductase (ng/L)
Visit 1	445.90 ± 105.40	434.32 ± 93.76	441.31 ± 96.32	0.891⁽¹⁾
Visit 3	438.24 ± 98.56	440.40 ± 101.24	444.08 ± 138.16	0.978⁽¹⁾	−7.66 ± 60.60	0.473	6.08 ± 51.46	0.502	2.77 ± 95.49	0.868	0.720⁽¹⁾
Total testosterone (ng/L)
Visit 1	459.62 ± 131.80	490.54 ± 166.66	433.50 ± 138.80	0.290⁽¹⁾
Visit 3	454.86 ± 137.31	481.02 ± 151.57	408.44 ± 140.43	0.119⁽¹⁾	−4.76 ± 56.96	0.634	−9.52 ± 52.69	0.307	−25.07 ± 37.86	0.001	0.229⁽¹⁾
Free testosterone (ng/dL)
Visit 1	6.23 ± 1.16	6.26 ± 1.73	5.83 ± 1.31	0.394⁽¹⁾
Visit 3	6.46 ± 1.43	6.15 ± 1.62	5.64 ± 1.30	0.075⁽¹⁾	0.23 ± 0.77^a	0.093	−0.11 ± 0.60^ab	0.294	−0.19 ± 0.43^b	0.015	0.015⁽¹⁾

Data presented as: Mean ± SD; N = No of subjects; ^a-c values within a row with different superscript letters differ (p < 0.05), as analyzed by one-way ANOVA
*p values were compared within each group from baseline using paired t test;
**p values were compared between groups
¹⁾P values were derived from ANOVA, and Scheffe test was used to post hoc test
²⁾P values were derived from Kruskal-Wallis test, and Dunnett T3 test was used to post hoc test

ISSN: 1471-2490