Fig. 2From: Laparoscopy combining with ureteroscopy for horseshoe kidney accompanying with duplicate kidney and a ureteral calculus: a case reportLaparoscopic dismemberment of the isthmus of the horseshoe kidney shows the right lower kidney (a) with hydronephrosis. Pathologic examination shows renal cortex atrophy, interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration, pyelomegaly and mucosal atrophyBack to article page