Table 2 Age-adjusted baseline characteristics of 4710 male participants eligible for the analysis of body mass index and incident benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)-related outcomes and nocturia in the intervention arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial by baseline body mass index (BMI), 1993–2001
| Â | Baseline body mass index (kg/m2) | All participants | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|  |  < 25 | 25–29 |  ≥ 30 | |
N | 1204 | 2399 | 1107 | 4710 |
Age (mean, years) | 61.1 | 60.8 | 60.2 | 60.7 |
Race/ethnicity (%) | Â | Â | ||
White | 88.3 | 92.2 | 92.9 | 91.3 |
Black | 2.0 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 1.9 |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 8.8 | 5.2 | 2.2 | 5.4 |
Other | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.4 |
Education (%) | Â | Â | ||
Less than high school degree | 3.8 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 5.2 |
High school graduate | 12.3 | 18.4 | 21.6 | 17.6 |
Some college/post high school training | 28.3 | 32.5 | 36.2 | 32.3 |
College degree or higher | 55.6 | 43.8 | 35.9 | 44.9 |
Marital status (%) | Â | Â | ||
Married or living as married | 83.9 | 86.7 | 87.6 | 86.2 |
Not currently married | 16.1 | 13.3 | 12.4 | 13.8 |
Current physical activity (h/week, %) | Â | Â | ||
None | 11.0 | 12.4 | 18.3 | 13.4 |
One | 24.1 | 29.5 | 34.4 | 29.2 |
Two to three | 30.9 | 33.0 | 29.7 | 31.7 |
Four or more | 34.1 | 25.1 | 17.7 | 25.7 |
Smoking history (%) | Â | Â | ||
Never smoker | 34.4 | 29.1 | 24.1 | 29.3 |
Current cigarette smoker | 13.8 | 11.0 | 6.9 | 10.7 |
Former cigarette smoker | 45.3 | 51.5 | 60.3 | 52.0 |
Cigar or pipe smoker only | 6.5 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 8.0 |
Current mean intakes of | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Energy (kcal/day) | 2255.0 | 2320.4 | 2445.4 | 2333.0 |
Carbohydrates (g/day) | 292.3 | 292.8 | 300.0 | 294.3 |
Fat (g/day) | 74.4 | 79.7 | 87.0 | 80.0 |
Poly-unsaturated fatty acid (g/day) | 15.2 | 15.9 | 17.0 | 16.0 |
Protein (g/day) | 85.7 | 90.7 | 97.9 | 91.1 |
Alcohol (g/day) | 18.0 | 17.1 | 17.1 | 17.3 |
Fruit (servings/day) | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
Vegetables (servings/day) | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
Red meat (g/day) | 87.5 | 102.3 | 124.3 | 103.7 |
Dietary | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Alpha-carotene (mcg/day) | 1283.8 | 1280.5 | 1316.3 | 1289.8 |
Beta-carotene equivalents (mcg/day) | 5632.7 | 5566.4 | 5611.4 | 5593.9 |
Lycopene (mcg/day) | 11,205.0 | 11,839.0 | 12,667.0 | 11,716.3 |
Total (from the diet and supplements) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Beta-carotene (mcg/day) | 5463.9 | 5282.4 | 5276.2 | 5327.3 |
Selenium (mcg/day) | 117.6 | 122.1 | 130.3 | 122.9 |
Vitamin A (IU/day) | 15,230.0 | 14,949.0 | 14,987.0 | 15,030.0 |
Vitamin C (mg/day) | 441.8 | 418.8 | 377.6 | 415.0 |
Vitamin E (IU/day) | 164.7 | 153.3 | 152.5 | 156.0 |
Zinc (mg/day) | 20.3 | 20.3 | 21.0 | 20.5 |
Multivitamin use (%) | 48.8 | 42.7 | 39.5 | 43.5 |
Medical history (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hypertension | 15.8 | 26.9 | 38.1 | 26.7 |
Coronary heart disease | 6.8 | 9.4 | 11.5 | 9.2 |
Stroke | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.2 |
Diabetes | 3.7 | 4.7 | 8.7 | 5.4 |
Arthritis | 19.1 | 23.5 | 30.8 | 24.1 |
Emphysema | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.8 |
Bronchitis | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Gall bladder stone or inflammation | 3.4 | 5.6 | 9.0 | 5.8 |
Cirrhosis | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Diverticulosis | 3.7 | 4.3 | 4.1 | 4.1 |
Hepatitis | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.4 |
Colon polyps and polyp syndromes | 6.8 | 6.6 | 8.1 | 7.0 |
Clinical prostatitis | 3.7 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.2 |