Fig. 1
A Construction and application of a 3-D printing personalized percutaneous nephroscope puncture guide for a patient with left-sided kidney stones shown above. A CTU examination shows arterial phase and left kidney stone; B three-dimensional reconstruction of the kidney, renal vessels, and kidney stones was achieved by software through CTU images; C reconstructing the puncture location point according to the model, the angle, and depth of puncture, avoiding the main vessels; D designing the puncture guide plate that fits the skin; E 3D printed percutaneous nephroscope puncture guide plate was fixed on the patient skin. F The percutaneous puncture localized in patients with percutaneous nephroscope puncture guides by 3-D printing. (Figure Legend This figure is our own, drawn by Gao Keyu1*, Li Shuaishuai2*, and Ashok Raj*)