Table 1 Characteristics and blood parameters of patients with biopsy results positive for prostate cancer and negative for malignancy
From: Predicting the diagnosis of prostate cancer with a scoring system based on novel biomarkers
Patient characteristics | Prostate cancer/positive biopsy | Non malignant/negative biopsy | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | Significance p value | Adjusted Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | Significance p value | |||
Number of patients (%) | 290 (41.3%) | 413 (58.7%) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
PCa (%) | ||||||||
Gleason ?3 + 4 (ISUP 1, 2) | 104 (35.9%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Gleason ?4 + 3 (ISUP 3,4,5) | – | |||||||
186 (64.1%) | ||||||||
Age (years) | 1.072 | 1.047–1.097 | < 0.001 | 1.093 | 1.054–1.134 | < 0.001 | ||
Mean (± SD) | 69 (± 7.0) | 66 (± 6.5) | ||||||
Median | 70 | 66 | ||||||
Range | 43–86 | 46–89 | ||||||
Ethnicity (%) | ||||||||
Malay | 138 (47.6) | 233 (56.4) | 1 | 0.127 | ||||
Chinese | 122 (42.1) | 146 (35.4) | 0.395 | 0.065–2.392 | 0.312 | – | – | – |
Indian | 27 (9.3) | 32 (7.7) | 0.557 | 0.092–3.388 | 0.525 | |||
Others | 3 (1.0) | 2 (0.5) | 0.563 | 0.087–3.617 | 0.545 | |||
Hypertension | ||||||||
No | 145 (50.0) | 221 (53.5) | 1 | – | – | – | ||
Yes | 145 (50.0) | 192 (46.5) | 1.151 | 0.852–1.555 | 0.359 | |||
Diabetes | ||||||||
No | 215 (74.1) | 325 (78.7) | 1 | – | – | – | ||
Yes | 75 (25.9) | 88 (21.3) | 1.288 | 0.905–1.834 | 0.159 | |||
Chronic kidney disease | ||||||||
No | 281 (96.9) | 393 (95.2) | 1 | – | – | – | ||
Yes | 9 (3.1) | 20 (4.8) | 0.629 | 0.282–1.403 | 0.257 | |||
Heart disease | – | |||||||
No | 260 (89.7) | 371 (89.8) | 1 | – | – | |||
Yes | 30 (10.3) | 42 (10.2) | 1.019 | 0.622–1.671 | 0.94 | |||
DRE (%) | ||||||||
Normal | 177 (61.0%) | 304 (73.6%) | 1 | |||||
Abnormal | 113 (39.0%) | 109 (26.4%) | 1.562 | 1.407–1.775 | < 0.001 | 0.848 | 0.511–1.408 | 0.525 |
Prostate volume/PV (g) | 0.986 | 0.980–0.992 | < 0.001 | 0.971 | 0.962–9.982 | < 0.001 | ||
Mean (± SD) | 46.8 (± 30.4) | 57.8 (± 29.4) | ||||||
Median | 40 | 51.3 | ||||||
Range | 10.0–287.0 | 10.0–200.0 | ||||||
Neutrophil count (× 109) | 0.996 | 0.979–1.013 | 0.616 | |||||
Mean (± SD) | 8.04 (± 8.57) | 8.38 (± 9.36) | ||||||
Median | 5 | 5 | – | – | – | |||
Range | 0.40–50.60 | 1.60–87.10 | ||||||
Lymphocyte count (× 109) | 9.249 | 5.289–16.175 | < 0.001 | |||||
Mean | 22.86 (11.2) | 2.01 (0.72) | ||||||
Median | 24.43 | 1.9 | – | – | – | |||
Range | 1.90–54.35 | 0.30–5.10 | ||||||
NLR | 0.61 | 0.543–0.684 | < 0.001 | |||||
Mean (± SD) | 1.15 (± 2.80) | 4.91 (± 6.47) | ||||||
Median | 0.2 | 2.53 | – | – | – | |||
Range | 0.03–20.67 | 0.79–87.1 | ||||||
PSA (ng/ml) | 1.051 | 1.039–1.063 | < 0.001 | – | – | – | ||
Mean (± SD) | 238.15 (± 640.98) | 11.93 (± 14.00) | ||||||
Median | 47.18 | 8.6 | ||||||
Range | 0.06–5877.99 | 0.34–191.61 | ||||||
PSAD (ng/ml/g) | 5.977 | 3.953–9.036 | < 0.001 | |||||
Mean (± SD) | 6.48 (± 21.89) | 0.27 (± 1.08) | ||||||
Median | 1.05 | 0.17 | – | – | – | |||
Range | 0.01–273.90 | 0.01–21.74 | ||||||
NLR:PV | 1E − 04 | 0.000–0.002 | < 0.001 | |||||
Mean (± SD) | 0.035 (± 0.109) | 0.115 (± 0.207) | ||||||
Median | 0.006 | 0.052 | – | – | – | |||
Range | 0.001–1.254 | 0.005–2.524 | ||||||
Neut:PV | 1.483 | 0.920–2.392 | 0.106 | |||||
Mean (± SD) | 0.235 (± 0.341) | 0.194 (± 0.312) | ||||||
Median | 0.133 | 0.1 | – | – | – | |||
Range | 0.016–2.885 | 0.015–4.291 | ||||||
NLR:PSAD | 0.977 | 0.968–0.985 | < 0.001 | 1.004 | 1.002–1.006 | < 0.001 | ||
Mean (± SD) | 10.03 (± 68.96) | 42.19 (± 112.21) | ||||||
Median | 0.22 | 16.94 | ||||||
Range | 0.001–754.55 | 0.21–1907.30 | ||||||