Table 4 Patient demographics and clinical characteristics: treatment group differences
|  | NHA (± ADT) (n = 367) | Chemo (± ADT) (n = 231) | ADT alone (n = 564) | p-value | Test type | Pairwise p-values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean, years (SD) | 71.4 (7.1) | 67.4 (7.2) | 74.7 (7.7) | < 0.0001 | AN | NHA vs Chemo: p < 0.001 NHA vs ADT alone: p < 0.001 Chemo vs ADT alone: p < 0.001 |
Employment status at time of data collection, n (%) | 363 | 226 | 551 | < 0.0001 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.182 NHA vs ADT alone: p = 0.008 Chemo vs ADT alone: p < 0.001 |
 Working full-time | 28 (7.7) | 18 (8.0) | 34 (6.2) |  |  |  |
 Working part-time | 25 (6.9) | 17 (7.5) | 24 (4.4) |  |  |  |
 On long term sick leave | 18 (5.0) | 23 (10.2) | 8 (1.5) |  |  |  |
 Homemaker | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (1.5) |  |  |  |
 Student | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |  |  |  |
 Retired | 279 (76.9) | 159 (70.4) | 459 (83.3) |  |  |  |
 Unemployed | 10 (2.8) | 9 (4.0) | 18 (3.3) |  |  |  |
ECOG performance status at time of data collection, n (%) | 367 | 230 | 559 | 0.0047 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.309 NHA vs ADT alone: p < 0.001 Chemo vs ADT alone: p = 0.208 |
 0 | 80 (21.8) | 65 (28.3) | 185 (33.1) |  |  |  |
 1 | 217 (59.1) | 121 (52.6) | 252 (45.1) |  |  |  |
 2 | 58 (15.8) | 38 (16.5) | 96 (17.2) |  |  |  |
 3 | 10 (2.7) | 6 (2.6) | 21 (3.8) |  |  |  |
 4 | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (0.9) |  |  |  |
Disease status at time of data collection, n (%) | 367 | 231 | 558 | 0.0129 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.170 NHA vs ADT alone: p = 0.060 Chemo vs ADT alone: p = 0.010 |
 Disease progressing | 21 (5.7) | 10 (4.3) | 17 (3.0) |  |  |  |
 Stable | 131 (35.7) | 68 (29.4) | 228 (40.9) |  |  |  |
 Responding to treatment | 215 (58.6) | 153 (66.2) | 313 (56.1) |  |  |  |
Patient’s family history of prostate cancer, n (%) | 351 | 215 | 510 | 0.3223 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.376 NHA vs ADT alone: p = 0.140 Chemo vs ADT alone: p = 0.770 |
 Has a family history | 41 (11.7) | 20 (9.3) | 44 (8.6) |  |  |  |
 Does not have a family history | 310 (88.3) | 195 (90.7) | 466 (91.4) |  |  |  |
Most recent PSA result at time of data collection (ng/mL), n | 325 | 201 | 485 | 0.0061 | AN | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.773 NHA vs ADT alone: p = 0.005 Chemo vs ADT alone: p = 0.002 |
 Mean (SD) | 25.4 (77.9) | 27.4 (74.0) | 13.9 (37.4) |  |  |  |
Most recent haemoglobin test result at time of data collection(g/dL), n | 186 | 139 | 285 | 0.0148 | AN | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.006 NHA vs ADT alone: p = 0.045 Chemo vs ADT alone: p = 0.205 |
 Mean (SD) | 12.3 (1.5) | 11.8 (1.4) | 12 (1.4) |  |  |  |
Most recent alkaline phosphatase result at time of data collection (U/L), n | 153 | 131 | 251 | 0.1779 | AN | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.160 NHA vs ADT alone: p = 0.868 Chemo vs ADT alone: p = 0.065 |
 Mean (SD) | 202.4 (152.3) | 177.5 (144) | 204.8 (133.3) |  |  |  |
Risk status, n (%) | 343 | 214 | 520 | < 0.0001 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p < 0.001 NHA vs ADT alone: p < 0.001 Chemo vs ADT alone: p < 0.001 |
 Low-risk | 198 (57.7) | 79 (36.9) | 376 (72.3) |  |  |  |
 High-risk | 145 (42.3) | 135 (63.1) | 144 (27.7) |  |  |  |
Disease volume, n (%) | 320 | 203 | 457 | < 0.0001 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p < 0.001 NHA vs ADT alone: p < 0.001 Chemo vs ADT alone: p < 0.001 |
 Low volume | 182 (56.9) | 70 (34.5) | 328 (71.8) |  |  |  |
 High volume | 138 (43.1) | 133 (65.5) | 129 (28.2) |  |  |  |
Presence of bone metastases, n (%) | 367 | 231 | 564 | 0.1442 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.049 NHA vs ADT alone: p < 0.349 Chemo vs ADT alone: p < 0.183 |
 Patient has bone metastases | 306 (83.4) | 206 (89.2) | 483 (85.6) |  |  |  |
 Patient does not have bone metastases | 61 (16.6) | 25 (10.8) | 81 (14.4) |  |  |  |
Presence of brain metastases, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.2747 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.134 NHA vs ADT alone: p = 0.554 Chemo vs ADT alone: p = 0.257 |
 Patient has brain metastases | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.3) | 3 (0.5) |  |  |  |
 Patient does not have brain metastases | 366 (99.7) | 228 (98.7) | 561 (99.5) |  |  |  |
Presence of lung metastases, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.0001 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.001 NHA vs ADT alone: p = 0.002 Chemo vs ADT alone: p < 0.001 |
 Patient has lung metastases | 32 (8.7) | 41 (17.7) | 22 (3.9) |  |  |  |
 Patient does not have lung metastases | 335 (91.3) | 190 (82.3) | 542 (96.1) |  |  |  |
Presence of pancreatic metastases, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.1105 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.074 NHA vs ADT alone: p = 0.420 Chemo vs ADT alone: p = 0.151 |
 Patient has pancreatic metastases | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.9) | 1 (0.2) |  |  |  |
 Patient does not have pancreatic metastases | 367 (100.0) | 229 (99.1) | 563 (99.8) |  |  |  |
Presence of liver metastases, n (%) |  |  |  | < 0.0001 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.002 NHA vs ADT alone: p < 0.001 Chemo vs ADT alone: p < 0.001 |
 Patient has liver metastases | 26 (7.1) | 35 (15.2) | 11 (2.0) |  |  |  |
 Patient does not have liver metastases | 341 (92.9) | 196 (84.8) | 553 (98.0) |  |  |  |
Presence of adrenal gland metastases, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.0026 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.670 NHA vs ADT alone: p < 0.001 Chemo vs ADT alone: p = 0.003 |
 Patient has adrenal gland metastases | 10 (2.7) | 5 (2.2) | 1 (0.2) |  |  |  |
 Patient does not have adrenal gland metastases | 357 (97.3) | 226 (97.8) | 563 (99.8) |  |  |  |
Presence of peritoneal metastases, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.0001 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.667 NHA vs ADT alone: p < 0.001 Chemo vs ADT alone: p < 0.001 |
 Patient has peritoneal metastases | 17 (4.6) | 9 (3.9) | 3 (0.5) |  |  |  |
 Patient does not have peritoneal metastases | 350 (95.4) | 222 (96.1) | 561 (99.5) |  |  |  |
Presence of non-regional/distant lymph node metastases, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.0019 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.683 NHA vs ADT alone: p = 0.004 Chemo vs ADT alone: p = 0.003 |
 Patient has non-regional/distant lymph node metastases | 129 (35.1) | 85 (36.8) | 148 (26.2) |  |  |  |
 Patient does not have non-regional/distant lymph node metastases | 238 (64.9) | 146 (63.2) | 416 (73.8) |  |  |  |
Presence of other metastases, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.6136 | CH | NHA vs Chemo: p = 0.317 NHA vs ADT alone: p = 0.554 Chemo vs ADT alone: p = 0.589 |
Patient has other metastases | 366 (99.7) | 229 (99.1) | 561 (99.5) | Â | Â | Â |
Patient does not have other metastases | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.9) | 3 (0.5) | Â | Â | Â |