Table 1 Patient and stone demographics

Characteristics of patients and stone features, mean ± SD

Age (years)

55.4 ± 10.5

N (male:female)

51/45

BMI (kg/m²)

24.3 ± 3.1

Hb (g/dL)

12.7 ± 1.9

Hct (%)

38.6 ± 5.3

Side (right:left)

54/42

ASA status, n (%)

 ASA I

44 (45.8)

 ASA II

45 (46.9)

 ASA III

7 (7.3)

Multiple renal calculi, n (%)

61 (63.5)

Multiple renal calculi with ipsilateral ureteral calculi, n (%)

35 (36.5)

Renal stone size (mm)

32.5 ± 10.7

Renal stone surface area (mm²)

712.2 ± 264.8

Number of calyces involved by stone, n (%)

 < 3

42 (43.8)

 ≥ 3

54 (56.2)

CT (HU)

1055.9 ± 301.1

Ureteric stone size (mm)

24.8 ± 12.3

Ureteric stone number

3.2 ± 1.2

Preoperative history, n

 SWL

12

 URS

9

 PCNL

14

Operative parameters, mean ± SD

Surgical time (min)

82.2 ± 38.3

Hb drop (g/dL)

0.9 ± 0.5

Hct drop (%)

2.7 ± 1.1

Postoperative hospital stay (d)

6.5 ± 1.3

Stone free, n (%)

75(78.1)

Ancillary treatment

 Total

11

 Second PCNL

2

 SWL

6

 FURSL

3

Intra and postoperative complications according to the

modified Clavien classification

 Clavien grade 0, n (%)

80 (83.3)

 Clavien grade I, n (%)

14 (14.6)

  Transient fever > 38.5℃

9 (9.4)

  Hemorrhage, non transfusion

5 (5.2)

 Clavien grade II, n (%)

2 (2.1)

  Blood transfusion

2 (2.1)

 Clavien grade ≥ III, n (%)

0 (0)