Table 2 Summary of details for D-J stent therapy group
First author | Year | Anesthetic method | No. of operations (success rate) | SFR, % | Fertility outcome | Complications | Complications (classified) | Follow-up pattern |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parulkar[10] | 1998 | Local anesthesia | 15 (100%) | \ | Not mentioned | Stent slipping into bladder in 1, then repeaced; 5F stent blocked in 2,then replace to 7F; softer stent was needed in 1; calcified stent in 1 | Clavien-Dindo III in 5 | Not mentioned |
Song[22] | 2013 | Local anaesthesia with lidocaine gel | 17, 12 success (70.6%) | 25 (3 passed stone spontaneously of 12) | 16 delivered at term; preterm labor in 1 | Stent-induced bladder irritation in 6, retained; encrusted stent problem in 4; passed a double-J stent in 1 | Clavien-Dindo I in 6; Clavien-Dindo III in 5; | Not mentioned |
Ngai[24] | 2013 | Local anaesthesia | 30 (100%) | \ | Not mentioned | Stent encrustation in 3; stent migration in 3; stent-related bladder irritation in 3; gross hematuria in 2 | Clavien-Dindo I in 5; Clavien-Dindo III in 6 | Renal function tests and US was arranged weekly in the first month, then monthly throughout pregnancy |
Teleb[27] | 2014 | Spinal anaesthesia in 18, topical lidocaine anaesthesia with sedo-analgesia in 4 | 22 (100%) | \ | All 22 delivered at term | Urinary tract infection in 4; irritative LUTS in 13 | Clavien-Dindo I in 13; Clavien-Dindo II in 4 | US and urinalysis every 4Â weeks |
Wang[28] | 2014 | Epidural anesthesia | 17 (100%) | \ | All 17 delivered at term | Urinary tract infection in 4; stent-related bladder irritation in 12; hemauria in 7 | Clavien-Dindo I in 19; Clavien-Dindo II in 4 | Obstetric care; clinical assessment, ultrasound examination and urine culture |
Tan[32] | 2018 | Local anesthesia | 30, 25 success (83.3%) | \ | Not mentioned | Bladder irritation in 2; D-J stent drop in 1; hard removal of D-J stent in 1 | Clavien-Dindo I in 3; Clavien-Dindo III in 1 | Not mentioned |