Outcomes of ureteroscopy and internal ureteral stent for pregnancy with urolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 5 Newcastle–Ottawa Scale review for case–control and cross-sectional studies from systematic review

Study	Country	Selection				Comparability		Exposure			Total
Study	Country	S1	S2	S3	S4	C1	C2	E1	E2	E3	Total
Ulvik et al.[8]	Norway	★	★					★		★	4
Scarpa et al.[9]	Italy	★	★					★		★	4
Parulkar et al. [10]	America	★	★	★	★			★	★	★	7
Lemos et al. [11]	Brazil	★						★		★	3
Rana et al. [12]	Pakistan	★	★					★		★	4
Elgamasy et al. [13]	Egypt	★	★					★		★	4
Polat et al. [15]	Turkey	★	★					★		★	4
Atar et al. [16]	Turkey	★	★					★		★	4
Bozkurt et al. [17]	Turkey	★	★					★		★	4
Hoscan et al. [18]	Turkey	★	★					★		★	4
Johnson et al. [19]	America	★	★					★		★	4
Abdel et al.[20]	Egypt	★	★					★		★	4
Song et al.[22]	China	★	★	★	★			★	★	★	7
Keshvari et al.[23]	Iran	★	★					★		★	4
Ngai et al. [24]	Iraq	★	★					★		★	4
Adanur et al. [25]	Turkey	★	★					★		★	4
Georgescu et al.[26]	Romania	★	★					★		★	4
Wang et al. [28]	China	★	★	★	★			★	★	★	7
Fathelbab et al. [29]	Egypt	★	★					★		★	4
Zhang et al. [30]	China	★	★	★	★			★	★	★	7
Abedi et al. [31]	Iran	★	★					★		★	4
Tan et al.[32]	China	★	★	★	★			★	★	★	7

Guidelines for review
Selection
S1, Case definition adequacy: ★a) requires independent validation (> 1 person/record/time/process to extract information, or reference to primary record source such as colonoscopy or medical/hospital records); b) record linkage or self-report with no reference to primary record; c) no description
S2, Representativeness of the cases: ★a) consecutive or obviously representative series of cases; b) potential for selection biases or not stated
S3, Selection of controls: ★a) community controls; b) hospital controls, within same community as cases; c) no description
S4, Definition of controls: ★a) no history of colorectal cancer or adenoma; b) no description of source
Comparability
C1, ★ Study controls for one most important factor;
C2, ★ Study controls for any additional factors (1 > additional factors)
Exposure
E1, Ascertainment of exposure: ★a) secure record (e.g. medical records); ★b) structured interview where blind to case/control status; c) interview not blinded to case/control status; d) written self-report or medical record only; e) no description
E2, Same method of ascertainment for cases and controls: ★a) yes; b) no
E3, Non-response rate: ★a) same rate for both groups; b) non respondents described; c) rate different and no designation

ISSN: 1471-2490