Fig. 3

Database analysis. a and b: Volcano plots of all genes in GSE35988 and GSE32269 Red dots represent genes with fold change ≥ 2 and P < 0.001, blue dots represent genes with fold change ≤ − 2 and P < 0.001, and the other dots represent the rest of genes with no statistically significant change in expression. FC, fold change. c, d and e: Venn diagrams showing the number of genes expressed as common and unique between the identified DEGs in DGE profiles of castrated rat and genes in the NCBI-gene database