Table 2 Baseline characteristics of studies
Author, year | Study type | Country | Follow-up duration | Enrollment | Anaesthesia styles (n/%) | Injections times | Efficacy endpoints | Safety endpoints |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alegorides, 2020 | Retrospective observational study | France | 12 months | 62 | hypnosis (12/19.4%) and general anaesthesia (50/80.6%) | total injections: median 5 (range 2–11) | Change of IPSS, Qol, PVR, Qmax, MSHQ-EjD, MSHQ-bother in 1, 3, 6, 12 months | Hematuria, Dysuria, Hematospermia, UTI, Urinary retention, Pelvic pain |
Darson, 2017 | Retrospective observational study | USA | 12 months | 131 | intravenous sedation (76%), general anaesthesia (15%) and prostate block (6%) | lateral lobes: mean 4.4 (range 2–12); median lobes: mean 1.6 (range 1–6) | Change of IPSS, Qol, PVR, Qmax, in 1, 12 months | Urinary retention |
Dixon, 2016 | Prospective multicenter single-arm study | Dominica, Czech and Sweden | 24 months | 65 | oral sedation (51/78.5%) and intravenous sedation (14/21.5%) | lateral lobes: mean 4.6 (range 2–9); median lobes mean 1.8 (range 1–3) | Change of IPSS, Qol, PVR, Qmax, BPH II, IIEF-EF, MSHQ-EjD, MSHQ-bother in 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months | Hematuria, Dysuria, UTI, Urinary retention, Urinary urgency, Urinary frequency |
Elterman, 2022 | Prospective multicenter single-arm study | Canada | 12 months | 229 | intravenous sedation (137/59.8%), prostate block (44/19.2%) and oral sedation (10/7.3%) | total injections: mean 11 (range 4–28) | Change of IPSS, Qol, PVR, Qmax, BPH II, MSHQ-EjD, MSHQ-bother in 1, 3, 6, 12 months | |
Fernández-Guzmán, 2022 | Prospective multicenter single-arm study | Spain | 12 months | 137 | intravenous sedation (137/100%) | total injections: mean 5.21 (range 2–14) | NA | Hematuria, Dysuria, Hematospermia, UTI, Urinary retention, Urinary urgency, Urinary frequency, Pelvic pain |
Ines, 2021 | Retrospective observational study | USA | 12 months | 179 | intravenous sedation (156/87.2%) and prostate block (23/12.8%) | 30–80 ml PV: lateral lobes: mean 2.2 (SD 0.7); median lobes: 1; <30 ml PV: lateral lobes: mean 2.2 (SD 0.7); median lobes: 1 and > 80 ml PV: lateral lobes: mean 5.5 (SD 1.8); median lobes: 1 | Change of IPSS, Qol, BPH II in 1, 3, 6, 12 months and change of PVR, Qmax, IIEF-EF in 3, 6, 12 months | Hematuria, Dysuria, UTI, Urinary retention |
McVary, 2016 | Rct | USA | 5 years | 136 | intravenous sedation: 20, prostate block: 41 and oral sedation: 135 (total in intervention and control groups) | total injections: mean 4.5 (SD 1.8) | Change of IPSS, Qol, PVR, Qmax in 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months and change of BPH II, IIEF-EF, MSHQ-EjD, MSHQ-bother in 3, 6, 12, 24 months | Hematuria, Dysuria, Hematospermia, UTI, Urinary retention, Urinary urgency, Urinary frequency, Pelvic pain |
Wasserbauer, 2021 | Prospective single-arm study | Czech | 3 months | 76 | analgosedation (70/92.1%), prostate block (5/6.6%) and genaral anaesthesia (1/1.3%) | total injections: range 2–3 | NA | Hematuria, UTI, Urinary retention, Urinary urgency |