Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Author, year | Study design | Country | Control group | Sample size | Age, years | Sex, % male | Stone size, cm | Stone side | Stone site | Population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | Left | Right | Single | Multiple | |||||
Guddeti 2020 27 | RCT | India, Turkey | sPNL | 75 | 75 | 48.36 (19–76) | 46.53 (20–80) | 76 | 68 | 1.48 (0.78) | 1.49 (0.73) | 37/38 | 32/43 | / | / | < 2 cm |
Zeng 2018 28 | RCT | China, India | RIRS | 80 | 80 | 49.4 (12.8) | 47.1 (13.9) | 62.5 | 57.5 | 1.5 (0.29) | 1.43 (0.34) | 38/42 | 42/38 | / | / | 1–2 cm |
Zhong 2020 29 | RCT | China | mini-PCNL | 46 | 47 | 49.1 (9.3) | 50.5 (10.5) | 60.8 | 66 | 3.27 (0.85) | 3.28 (0.93) | / | / | / | / | 2–5 cm |
Liu 2018 30 | Prospective cohort | China | Miniperc | 79 | 257 | 45.8 (14.4) | 18.7 (11.3) | 64.6 | 58.4 | 3.0 (1.0) | 3.0 (0.8) | / | / | 28/54 | 37/159 | > 2 cm |
Gao 2019 31 | Retrospective cohort | China | f-URS | 40 | 55 | 52.88 (13.08) | 49.04 (14.25) | 57.5 | 65.5 | 2.4 (0.8) | 2.3 (1.1) | 21/24 | 19/31 | / | / | / |
Jia 2020 32 | Retrospective cohort | China | RIRS | 36 | 25 | 4.5 (2.7) | 4.3 (2.5) | 72.2 | 60 | 1.42 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.28) | 14/10 | 22/15 | 26/18 | 10/7 | 1–2 cm |
Liu 2020 33 | Retrospective cohort | China | Miniperc | 2012 | 1513 | 46.5 (16) | 50.8 (11.5) | 67.1 | 55.6 | 3.11 (0.9) | 3.2 (0.88) | / | / | 557/428 | 1455/1085 | > 2 cm |
Xu 2020 34 | Retrospective cohort | China | f-URS | 48 | 104 | 49.96 (12.86) | 48.72 (13.56) | 70.8 | 68.3 | / | / | 27/57 | 21/47 | 19/54 | 29/50 | 2–3 cm |
Yuan 2019 35 | Retrospective cohort | China | mini-PCNL | 17 | 22 | 7.8 (3.5) | 9.2 (3.8) | 64.7 | 68.2 | / | / | 7/9 | 6/13 | / | / | / |