Table 1 Patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics (n = 74)
Characteristics | Mean ± SD or Number (Percentage) |
|---|---|
Age (yr) | 59 ± 14 |
Gender | |
Male | 69 (93.2) |
Female | 5 (6.8) |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.8 ± 5.5 |
Residence | |
Rural | 67 (90.5) |
Urban | 7 (9.5) |
Education level | |
High | 4 (5.4) |
Medium | 6 (8.1) |
Low | 28 (37.8) |
None | 36 (48.6) |
Occupation | |
Farmer | 56 (75.7) |
Non-farmer | 18 (24.1) |
Major comorbidity | |
Diabetes mellitus | 13 (17.6) |
Cardiovascular/Hypertension | 22 (29.7) |
Chronic kidney disease | 6 (8.1) |
Main presenting symptom | |
Accidental discovery | 2 (2.7) |
iLUTS | 66 (89.2) |
iLUTS plus hematuria | 6 (8.1) |
Degree of symptoms | |
Mild | 12 (16.2) |
Moderate | 25 (33.8) |
Sever | 36 (48.6) |
Not graded | 1 (1.4) |
Duration of symptoms (ms) | 20.1 ± 26.4 |
Category of underlying etiology | |
Bladder pathology | 16 (21.6) |
Infra-vesical obstruction | 43 (58.1) |
Unknown | 15 (20.3) |
Urine reaction | |
Acidic | 26 (35.1) |
Alkaline | 48 (64.9) |
Culture and sensitivity results | |
Negative | 26 (35.1) |
Positive | 45 (60.8) |
Major complications | |
Bladder cancer | 3 (4.1) |
Hematuria | 2 (2.7) |
Inguinal hernia | 2 (2.7) |
Rectal prolapse | 2 (2.7) |
Urge incontinence. | 2 (2.7) |
Urge incontinence plus UTI | 2 (2.7) |
UTI | 45 (60.8) |
Imaging | |
US, KUB | 47 (63.5) |
US, KUB, AUG | 2 (2.7) |
US, KUB, IVU | 7 (9.5) |
US, KUB, MSCT | 14 (18.9) |
US, MSCT | 4 (5.4) |
Features of stones in imaging | |
Stone size (cm) | 5.8 ± 1.6 |
Stone number | |
Single | 66 (89.2) |
Multiple | 8 (10.8) |
Stone shape | |
Rounded | 70 (94.6) |
Oval | 4 (5.4) |
Stone surface | |
Smooth | 22 (29.7) |
Serrated | 48 (64.9) |
Spiky | 4 (5.4) |
Associated upper urinary tract stones | |
Stone kidney | 6 (8.1) |
Stone ureter | 15 (20.3) |
None | 53 (71.6) |
Lines of treatment of stones | |
Radical cystectomy | 3 (4.1) |
Cystolithotomy plus upper tract interventions a | 12 (16.2) |
Cystolithotomy plus surveillance b | 4 (5.4) |
Cystolithotomy only | 51 (68.9) |
Endoscopic lithotripsy | 4 (5.4) |
Stone surface at operation | |
Smooth | 10 (13.5) |
Rough | 60 (81.1) |
Spiky | 4 (5.4) |
Stone adherence to bladder mucosa | |
Adherent | 21 (28.4) |
Non-adherent | 53 (71.6) |
Outcomes of 1-year Follow-up after Treatment | |
Death | 4 (5.4) |
Stone recurrence | 1 (1.4) |
Resolution of the symptoms c | 21 (28.4) |
Persistence of symptoms: | 48 (64.9) |
Managed by medications for BPH | 12 (16.2) |
Managed by medications for neurogenic bladder | 10 (13.5) |
Needed TURP or TVP d | 15 (20.3) |
Needed visual internal urethrotomy d | 3 (4.1) |
Urethroplasty | 2 (2.7) |
Fulguration of posterior urethral valve | 1 (1.4) |
Regular bladder neck dilatation | 1 (1.4) |
Others, including patients who refused further interventions | 4 (5.4) |