Table 5 Multivariate logistic regression analyses of variables that may affect the occurrence of iLUTS as the main presenting symptoms and adherence of the stone to the bladder mucosa

iLUTS as the presenting symptoms

 Stone number

6.432

2.318

7.701

6.613–58351.1

0.006

 Stone surfaces

− 1.834

1.243

2.175

0.014–1.828

0.014

 Association with ureteral stones

− 3.445

1.485

5.379

0.002–0.587

0.020

Adherence of GSB to the bladder mucosa

 Stone size

− 4.340

1.534

8.006

0.001–0.264

0.005

 Degree of iLUTS

16.040

0.762

442.946

2.272–5.638

< 0.001

 Farmer occupation

− 2.122

1.090

3.793

0.014–1.014

0.051

 Stone surface

0.230

1.433

0.026

0.076–20.884

0.872