Table 1 Baseline characteristics, by preoperative chronic medication use

Number of patients

3742

1503

1025

420

3052

293

2363

Age, median (IQR)

70

(64–76)

72

(67–77)

69

(62–75)

< 0.001

72

(67–76)

70

(63–76)

< 0.001

72

(67–76)

70

(63–76)

< 0.001

Sex

- Male

2827 (75.5%)

1167

(77.6%)

746

(72.8%)

0.005

334

(79.5%)

2278

(74.6%)

0.030

203

(69.3%)

1829

(77.4%)

0.002

- Female

915

(24.5%)

336 (22.4%)

279

(27.2%)

86

(20.5%)

774

(25.4%)

90

(30.7%)

534

(22.6%)

Region of residence

- Regions with cities with > 400,000 inhabitants

1453 (38.8%)

555

(36.9%)

434

(42.3%)

0.008

164

(39.0%)

1187

(38.9%)

0.95

99

(33.8%)

936

(39.6%)

0.14

- Regions with cities with 100,000-250,000 inhabitants

2012 (53.8%)

839

(55.8%)

524

(51.1%)

228

(54.3%)

1641

(53.8%)

173

(59.0%)

1258

(53.2%)

- Rural regions (largest city in region < 100,000 inhabitants)

252 (6.7%)

106

(7.1%)

55

(5.4%)

26

(6.2%)

201

(6.6%)

20

(6.8%)

150

(6.3%)

- Unknown

25 (0.7%)

3

(0.2%)

12

(1.2%)

2

(0.5%)

23

(0.8%)

1

(0.3%)

19

(0.8%)

Charlson’s comorbidity index, median (IQR)

7

(5–8)

7

(6–9)

6

(5–7)

< 0.001

8

(7–10)

6

(5–8)

< 0.001

8

(6–9)

6

(5–8)

< 0.001

Year of surgery

- 2000–2009

2203 (58.9%)

839

(55.8%)

561

(54.7%)

0.59

189

(45.0%)

1835

(60.1%)

< 0.001

169

(57.7%)

1308

(55.4%)

0.45

- 2010–2015

1539 (41.1%)

664

(44.2%)

464

(45.3%)

231

(55.0%)

1217

(39.9%)

124

(42.3%)

1055

(44.6%)

Hospital characteristics

- Distance to hospital in km, median (IQR)

20

(7–77)

20

(7–85)

17

(7–57)

0.020

20

(8–67)

19

(7–71)

0.74

26

(10–80)

19

(7–76)

0.048

- Hospital type, academic

1886 (50.4%)

729

(48.5%)

534

(52.1%)

0.08

197

(46.9%)

1559

(51.1%)

0.11

149

(50.9%)

1208

(51.1%)

0.93

- Hospital RC volume/year, median (IQR)

13

(8–32)

13

(7–32)

13

(7–32)

0.90

13

(7–32)

13

(8–32)

0.32

13

(8–32)

13

(8–32)

0.71

- Surgeon RC volume/year, median (IQR)

7

(5–13)

7

(5–13)

8

(5–13)

0.61

7

(5–10)

7

(5–13)

0.43

7

(5–13)

7

(5–13)

0.77

Type of bladder diversion

- Ileal conduit

3046 (81.4%)

1269

(84.4%)

830

(81.0%)

0.012

371

(88.3%)

2465

(80.8%)

0.001

248

(84.6%)

1896

(80.2%)

0.12

- Continent diversion

544 (14.5%)

176

(11.7%)

155

(15.1%)

38

(9.0%)

456

(14.9%)

37

(12.6%)

376

(15.9%)

- Unknown

152 (4.1%)

58 (3.9%)

40

(3.9%)

11

(2.6%)

131

(4.3%)

8

(2.7%)

91

(3.9%)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

208

(5.6%)

74

(4.9%)

76

(7.4%)

0.009

23

(5.5%)

170

(5.6%)

0.94

8

(2.7%)

154

(6.5%)

0.011

Preoperative chronic medication use

- Statins

1406 (37.6%)

939

(62.5%)

206

(20.1%)

< 0.001

308

(73.3%)

1001

(32.8%)

< 0.001

142

(48.5%)

826

(35.0%)

< 0.001

- NSAIDs

1503 (40.2%)

-

-

-

284

(67.6%)

1128

(37.0%)

< 0.001

159

(54.3%)

864

(36.6%)

< 0.001

   - Aspirin

1144

(30.6%)

1144

(76.1%)

-

-

257

(61.2%)

814

(26.7%)

< 0.001

116

(39.6%)

652

(27.6%)

< 0.001

   - Other NSAIDs

464

(12.4%)

464

(30.9%)

-

-

56

(13.3%)

382

(12.5%)

< 0.001

60

(20.5%)

249

(10.5%)

< 0.001

- Metformin

420

(11.2%)

284

(18.9%)

61

(6.0%)

< 0.001

-

-

-

32

(10.9%)

259

(11.0%)

1.00

- Prednisone

293 (7.8%)

159

(10.6%)

57

(5.6%)

< 0.001

32

(7.6%)

242

(7.9%)

0.58

-

-

-

Follow-up time (in years), median (95% CI)

7.9

(7.6–8.4)

7.3

(6.7–7.7)

6.5

(5.6–7.4)

5.4

(4.7–6.4)

8.1

(7.7–8.5)

8.2

(7.2–8.9)

6.6

(6.3–7.2)