Table 2 Characteristics associated with overall, bladder cancer-specific, and recurrence-free survival

Preoperative chronic medication use

- Statins

0.86

(0.79–0.94)

0.80

(0.69–0.93)

0.79

(0.71–0.88)

0.72

(0.60–0.86)

0.80

(0.72–0.89)

0.73

(0.62–0.88)

- NSAIDs

0.95

(0.86–1.05)

1.10

(0.95–1.27)

0.93

(0.82–1.05)

1.24

(1.03–1.48)

0.94

(0.84–1.06)

1.22

(1.03–1.45)

- Metformin

1.21

(1.07–1.38)

1.29

(1.07–1.55)

1.20

(1.03–1.40)

1.38

(1.10–1.72)

1.24

(1.07–1.44)

1.41

(1.13–1.74)

- Prednisone

0.74

(0.63–0.86)

0.67

(0.55–0.82)

0.59

(0.48–0.72)

0.58

(0.45–0.76)

0.64

(0.53–0.77)

0.61

(0.47–0.78)

Age, per 5-year increment

1.22

(1.19–1.25)

1.21

(1.15–1.27)

1.16

(1.13–1.20)

1.19

(1.12–1.26)

1.12

(1.09–1.15)

1.13

(1.07–1.19)

Female sex (ref: male sex)

0.96

(0.88–1.06)

0.91

(0.78–1.06)

1.01

(0.90–1.13)

0.85

(0.71–1.03)

1.04

(0.93–1.16)

0.87

(0.73–1.04)

Region of residence (ref: Regions with cities with > 400,000 inhabitants)

- Regions with cities with 100,000-250,000 inhabitants

0.96

(0.89–1.05)

0.94

(0.81–1.09)

0.93

(0.873–1.03)

0.90

(0.75–1.08)

0.90

(0.82–0.99)

0.84

(0.70-1.00)

- Rural regions (largest city in region < 100,000 inhabitants)

0.94

(0.80–1.12)

1.18

(0.78–1.79)

0.96

(0.78–1.18)

1.23

(0.76–2.01)

0.91

(0.75–1.11)

1.00

(0.62–1.62)

Charlson’s comorbidity index, per 1 increment

1.02

(1.01–1.04)

0.96

(0.93-1.00)

0.98

(0.96-1.00)

0.93

(0.88–0.97)

0.97

(0.95–0.99)

0.93

(0.89–0.98)

Year of surgery, 2010–2015 (ref: 2000–2009)

1.02

(0.93–1.12)

0.69

(0.60–0.80)

1.03

(0.92–1.14)

0.67

(0.57–0.80)

1.05

(0.95–1.16)

0.70

(0.60–0.83)

Hospital characteristics

- Distance to hospital in km, per 50 km increment

1.00

(0.99–1.02)

1.00

(0.96–1.04)

1.01

(0.99–1.03)

1.00

(0.95–1.05)

1.01

(0.99–1.02)

1.01

(0.96–1.06)

- Academic hospital (ref: non-academic hospital)

0.90

(0.83–0.97)

0.94

(0.78–1.13)

0.93

(0.85–1.03)

0.95

(0.75–1.19)

0.96

(0.87–1.05)

1.00

(0.80–1.24)

- Hospital RC volume, per 5/year increment

0.99

(0.98-1.00)

1.00

(0.96–1.04)

0.99

(0.98–1.01)

1.01

(0.96–1.06)

1.00

(0.98–1.01)

1.21

(0.96–1.05)

- Surgeon RC volume, per 5/year increment

0.95

(0.92–0.99)

0.98

(0.88–1.09)

0.97

(0.93–1.01)

0.98

(0.86–1.11)

0.98

(0.94–1.02)

0.97

(0.86–1.10)

Continent bladder diversion (ref: ileal conduit)

0.50

(0.44–0.58)

0.58

(0.46–0.73)

0.57

(0.49–0.67)

0.61

(0.47–0.80)

0.62

(0.53–0.72)

0.62

(0.48–0.79)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

0.94

(0.77–1.15)

1.17

(0.87–1.58)

1.15

(0.92–1.44)

1.38

(1.00-1.91)

1.18

(0.96–1.46)

1.30

(0.95–1.78)