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Fig. 1 | BMC Urology

Fig. 1

From: Causal effects of inflammatory bowel diseases on the risk of kidney stone disease: a two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization

Fig. 1

Study design overview. Notes: MR analysis follows 3 key assumptions: (I) Genetic variants applied as IVs should be robustly correlated with exposure; (II) Genetic variants applied are supposed not to link to any confounders; (III) Genetic variants selected should affect the risk of KSD only via IBD rather than other pathways. The orange line represents a Mendelian analysis of the genetic correlation between IBD (including CD and UC) and KSD; The blue line represents a Mendelian analysis of the genetic correlation between KSD and IBD (including CD and UC). Abbreviations: FinnGen, FinnGen Consortium; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; CD, Crohn’s disease; UC, ulcerative colitis

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BMC Urology

ISSN: 1471-2490

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