Fig. 3

Sakuranin abated malignant biological behaviors of T24 cells by triggering autophagy. A: Western blot determined protein levels of autophagy markers (LC3-I, LC3-II, and p62); B: CCK-8 assay assessed cell proliferation; C: Cell proliferative activity was evaluated by EdU assay; D: Plate clone formation assay assessed cell colony formation area; E: Flow cytometry evaluated cell apoptosis; F: Transwell assay analyzed cell migration and invasion, and crystal violet staining was used to observe and count cells migrating or invading into the basolateral chamber of the Transwell chambers; G. Scratch test detected cell wound healing ability; H: MMP-2 protein level was assessed by Western blot. Data were exhibited as mean ± SD, and three technical repetitions of cell experiments were conducted. An independent t-test was used for comparisons between two groups, and one-way ANOVA was adopted for multi-group comparisons, followed by Tukey’s test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001