Table 1 Comparison of demographic, preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative characteristics according to adherent periadrenal fat status of patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy

Demographic

Age (year) (Mean ± SD)

50.8 ± 10.9

49.9 ± 10.3

51.3 ± 11.3

0.711^t

Gender (female) n, (%)

28 (63.6)

12 (85.7)

16 (53.3)

0.038 ^c

BMI (kg/m ² ) (Median)(min-max)

30.2±6.6

32.1±4.6

29.4±7.1

0.158^m

Preoperative

Preoperative diagnosis

 Pheochromocytoma, n (%)

14 (31.8)

3 (21.4)

11 (36.7)

0.348^f

 Cushing’s syndrome, n (%)

9 (20.5)

5 (35.7)

4 (13.2)

 Conn’s syndrome, n (%)

2 (4.5)

0 (0)

2 (6.7)

 Myelolipoma, n (%)

4 (9.1)

2 (14.3)

2 (6.7)

 Suspect of malignancy, n (%)

15 (34.1)

4 (28.6)

11 (36.7)

Hormonal activity

 Functional, n (%)

25 (56.8)

8 (57.1)

17 (56.7)

0.976^c

 Non-functional, n (%)

19 (43.2)

6 (42.6)

13 (43.3)

Tumor size (mm) (Median)(min-max)

40.5 (12–84)

37 (29–60)

42 (12–84)

0.412 ^m

Previous surgery history on surgical side, n (%)

6 (13.6)

2 (14.3)

4 (13.3)

0.812^c

Laterality

 Left, n (%)

19 (43.2)

8 (57.1)

11 (36.7)

0.202^c

 Right, n (%)

25 (56.8)

6 (42.9)

19 (63.3)

ASA score

 1, n (%)

4 (9.1)

0 (0)

4 (13.3)

0.435^f

 2, n (%)

27 (61.4)

10 (71.4)

17 (56.7)

 3, n (%)

13 (29.5)

4 (28.6)

9 (30)

Presence of HT, n (%)

21 (47.7)

9 (64.3)

12 (40)

0.133^c

Presence of DM, n (%)

18 (40.9)

11 (78.6)

7 (23.3)

0.001 ^c

ARFD (HU) (Median)(min-max)

-102 (-110 to -65)

-91.5 (-106 to -65)

-102 (-110 to -88)

0.001  ^m

Intraoperative

Operation duration (min) (Median)(min-max)

65 (40–128)

76 (45–128)

60 (40–90)

< 0.001 ^t

Amount of bleeding (mL) (Median)(min-max)

57.5 (20–200)

62.5 (30–140)

50 (20–200)

0.103 ^m

Intraoperative complications, n (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1^c

Postoperative

Postoperative complication, n(%)

7 (15.9)

2 (14.2)

5 (16.6)

0.624^c

 Clavien-Dindo classification system

 Grade 1

  Fever, n

3

1

2

 Grade 2

  Pulmonary embolism, n

1

0

1

  Wound infection, n

2

1

1

 Grade 3

  Incisional hernia, n

1

0

1

Hospitalization (Median)(min-max)

2 (1–12)

2 (1–12)

2.5 (2–11)

0.448 ^m

Histological diagnosis

 Adrenocortical adenoma, n

22

4

18

 Adrenocortical hyperplasia, n

3

3

0

Pheochromocytoma, n

9

1

8

 Myelolipoma, n

4

2

2

 Carcinoma metastasis, n

3

2

1

 Epithelial cyst, n

2

1

1

 Schwannoma, n

1

1

0