Fig. 3

A. The peritoneum is incised at the level of the external iliac artery, at the level of inferior epigastric vessels, medial to the spermatic cord. B. The incision advances in a retrograde direction, until the ureter is identified. C. The lymph node dissection starts on the external iliac vessels and proceeds in a retrograde fashion until the ureter. D. The obturator nerve is identified distally at the level of obturator foramen. E. The enbloc retrograde lymph node dissection is completed by detaching the lymphatic tissue from the umbilical artery