Renal cell carcinoma with intramyocardial metastases

BMC Urology

Table 2 Summary of all reported cardiac intramyocardial metastases in clear cell renal cancer and the course of disease in those patients

Case no	Localization	Reference	Years from nephrectomy	Signs or symptoms	Diagnostic method	Treatment; treatment efficacy
1	LV	[11]	23	Weight loss	CT, TTE, MRI, CA	ND
2	LV	[12]	18	Dyspnea	CT, CA	Surgery - successful, 6 years follow-up
3	LV	[13]	7	Chest pain	TTE, TEE, CT, B	Chemotherapy - no response
4	LV	[4]	0	ND	PET-CT	ND
5	LV	[14]	ND	Dyspnea	CT, TTE	ND
6	LV, PE	[3]	8/12	Dyspnea, asthenia, and inferior limb edema, peripheral cyanosis	TTE	No
7	LV, PE	[15]	ND	ND	ND	Surgery - successful
8	RA	[16]	ND	Asymptomatic	TTE, CT	Surgery - successful
9	RA, LA, LV, PE	[13]	7	Endocarditis	TTE, CT, CA	Chemotherapy - no response
10	RV	[17]	19	ND	ND	Surgery - successful
11	RV	[18]	18	Asymptomatic	PET-CT	Sunitinib, everolimus - successful PR 6 months
12	RV	[1]	4.5	Arrhythmia, tachycardia	MRI, EBCT, CA, ECG, TEECG	Immunotherapy - no response
13	RV	[19]	5	Congestive heart failure (NYHA class III)	MRI, CT, CA, TEE	Echo-guided coil embolization - successful, 19 months follow-up
14	RV	[20]	0	Pansystolic murmur	TTE, MRI	ND
15	RV	[21]	0	Syncope, T wave abnormality, prolonged QT interval	ECG, TTE	Surgery - successful
16	RV	[22]	ND	Presyncope	TTE, B	ND
17	RV	[23]	ND	Asymptomatic	ND	ND
18	RV	[24]	ND	ND	X-ray	Surgery – died
19	RV	[25]	ND	Dyspnea	Post-mortem diagnosis	ND
20	RV, SE	[26]	4	cardiac murmur, monomorphic ventricular tachycardia	TTE	Sunitinib, ICD
21	SE	[2]	20	Raynaud’s-like phenomena, systolic ejection murmur	TTE, MRI, TEE, B	Surgery -successful

Legend: TTE - Transthoracic echocardiography; TEE – transesophageal echocardiography, PA – pulmonary arteries, RA – right atrium, RV – right ventricle, SE- septum, CA - Coronary angiography, B- biopsy; ICD - implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, ND – no data available; EBCT - electron-beam CT; TEECG – trans -esophageal ECG; S-S; M-M; PE - pericardial effusion.

ISSN: 1471-2490