Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Age

69.27 ± 8.31

70.63 ± 7.93

68.46 ± 8.44

0.004†

BMI, kg/m²

24.70 ± 3.10

25.26 ± 2.93

24.36 ± 3.16

0.002†

Waist circumference, cm

86.91 ± 8.69

89.00 ± 8.44

85.66 ± 8.61

<0.001†

SBP, mmHg

137.61 ± 15.52

146.74 ± 13.05

132.13 ± 14.27

<0.001†

DBP, mmHg

79.22 ± 10.56

81.77 ± 10.65

77.69 ± 10.22

<0.001†

Elevated blood pressure, n (%)

72.1

95.8

50.1

<0.001‡

FBG, mg/dL

102.14 ± 25.45

113.04 ± 31.37

95.59 ± 18.25

<0.001†

Triglycerides,mg/dL

160.38 ± 138.81

225.63 ± 191.67

121.15 ± 68.81

<0.001†

HDL-C, mg/dL

47.29 ± 11.45

40.20 ± 8.65

51.56 ± 10.80

<0.001†

LDL-C, mg/dL

111.86 ± 30.59

109.86 ± 29.27

113.07 ± 31.34

0.253†

PV, cm³

24.57 ± 7.15

26.31 ± 7.83

23.53 ± 6.50

<0.001†

Q_max, mL/s

15.41 ± 6.09

11.96 ± 4.31

17.50 ± 6.07

<0.001†

PSA, ng/mL

1.35 ± 1.12

1.36 ± 1.10

1.35 ± 1.14

0.940†

IPSS

13.04 ± 7.62

14.26 ± 7.34

12.30 ± 7.71

0.005†

Insulin, pmol/L

51.68 ± 31.08

52..93 ± 29.74

50.93 ± 31.88

0.484†

HOMA IR

2.15 ± 1.35

2.42 ± 1.52

1.98 ± 1.21

<0.001†

Leptin, ng/mL

3.51 ± 2.83

4.21 ± 2.79

3.09 ± 2.77

<0.001†

Resistin, ng/mL

29.70 ± 18.29

29.05 ± 16.39

30.09 ± 19.35

0.518†

Adiponectin, μg/mL

2.99 ± 1.70

2.99 ± 1.65

2.99 ± 1.72

0.991†

CRP, mg/L

2.20 ± 4.31

2.24 ± 3.58

2.18 ± 4.70

0.871†

IL-6, pg/mL

1.87 ± 5.47

1.97 ± 7.44

1.81 ± 3.84

0.755†

TNF-α, pg/mL

43.52 ± 9.63

42.20 ± 9.41

44.31 ± 9.69

0.017†

DHT, pg/mL

380.87 ± 230.30

370.63 ± 208.30

387.05 ± 242.73

0.438†

SHBG, nmol/L

70.71 ± 35.21

67.39 ± 33.34

72.72 ± 36.20

0.100†

Estradiol, pg/mL

38.70 ± 17.10

40.29 ± 19.50

37.74 ± 15.43

0.117†

Testosterone, ng/mL

4.61 ± 1.75

4.31 ± 1.36

4.79 ± 1.92

0.001†

E2/T

9.67 ± 8.66

10.23 ± 5.89

9.33 ± 9.96

0.261†

 0

–

48 (9.5%)

–

 1

–

126 (24.9%)

–

 2

–

142 (28.1%)

–

 3

–

116 (22.9%)

–

 4

–

63 (12.5%)

–

 5

–

11 (2.2%)

–