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  1. We found that the bladders of multiple sclerosis mice were significantly fibrotic. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fibronectin 1 (FN1) and bladder fibrosis, as well as the microRNAs in...

    Authors: Bowen Liu, Yafei Ding, Peng Li, Tao Wang, Siyuan He, Zhankui Jia and Jinjian Yang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:193
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are prevalent among pregnant women. Several articles show the impact of LUTS on pregnant women’s quality of life (QoL). This study was designed to examine the impact of non-...

    Authors: Qais T. Ahmad, Jaffar H. Saffarini, Ahmad M. Samara, Dima S. Jabri, Zaina H. Safarini, Yousra M. Banijaber, Ahmad Jaradat, Faris Abushamma and Sa’ed H. Zyoud
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. To develop a questionnaire to facilitate the inventorying of women’s expectations for the assessment and treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in secondary care.

    Authors: J. J. Pat, T. v. d. Aart, M. G. Steffens, L. P. W. Witte and M. H. Blanker
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Hypospadias, the most frequent congenital male external genitalia abnormality, is usually associated with curvature of the ventral penis, i.e. chordee. Abnormality of darto tissue has been suggested as the pat...

    Authors: Prahara Yuri, Gunadi, Rahmadani Puji Lestari, Firly Putri Fardilla, Wiwit Ananda Wahyu Setyaningsih, Nur Arfian and Ishandono Dachlan
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:189
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. It has been reported that Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection was more prevalent in infertile populations. HP infection could lead to decreased sperm parameters, and treating the HP infection could improve the qua...

    Authors: Chun Feng, Ping-Ping Lv, Chang-Chang Huang, Song-Qing Yang, Qiu-Ping Yao, Jin-Ming Shen and Min Jin
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:188
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Urology 2021 21:19

  7. Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common cancer in the UK, with about 10,000 new cases annually. About 75–85% of BC are non-muscle invasive (NMIBC), which is associated with high recurrence and progression ...

    Authors: Peter Ella-Tongwiis, Rebecca May Lamb, Alexander Makanga, Iqbal Shergill and Stephen Fôn Hughes
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:187
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Complications in the urinary tract related to congenital Zika syndrome have recently been reported. One complication, cryptorchidism, has been reported by the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group/MERG, in Pern...

    Authors: Rômulo A. L. de Vasconcelos, Ricardo A. A. Ximenes, Adriano A. Calado, Celina M. T. Martelli, Andreia V. Gonçalves, Elizabeth B. Brickley, Thalia V. B. de Araújo, Maria A. W. Rocha and Demócrito de B. Miranda-Filho
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:186
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  10. Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) and proper adjustment of saline irrigation speed are important to avoid CBI failure in hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant...

    Authors: Wenbo Yang, Yiqing Du, Zhan Qu, Wenjun Bai, Luping Yu, Xiaopeng Zhang, Qi Wang, Xiaowei Zhang, Qing Li and Tao Xu
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:184
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and clinical outcomes of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for patients with renal stones using pure fluoroscopy (FS) or ultrasound-assisted (USa) localization with t...

    Authors: Tsung-Hsin Chang, Wun-Rong Lin, Wei-Kung Tsai, Pai-Kai Chiang, Marcelo Chen, Jen-Shu Tseng and Allen W. Chiu
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:183
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a rare tumor that typically occurs in the pelvis and perineum, most commonly in women of reproductive age. However, no para-ureteral AA has been reported according to the literat...

    Authors: Ming Liu, Ting-Shuai Zhai, Xiao-Feng Zhao, Li-Jin Feng, Xin-Sheng Lyu, Lan-Ting Hu, Zheng-Xin Wang, Wei-Guo Ma, Jian Zhang, Xiao Chen, Bin-Jie Su, Xu-Dong Yao, Jing-Yi Lu and Lin Ye
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:182
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  13. To evaluate patient-reported outcomes with ramucirumab plus docetaxel, a regimen which improved progression-free survival in platinum-refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC).

    Authors: Andrea Necchi, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Nobuaki Matsubara, Jae-Lyun Lee, Daniel P. Petrylak, Ronald de Wit, Alexandra Drakaki, Astra M. Liepa, Huzhang Mao, Katherine Bell-McGuinn and Thomas Powles
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:181
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is a bladder disease usually characterized by pain, urgency, and frequency. Interstitial cystitis is currently classified into two subtypes, with and without Hunner’...

    Authors: Elijah P. Ward, Sarah N. Bartolone, Michael B. Chancellor, Kenneth M. Peters and Laura E. Lamb
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Girls’ pelvic fracture bladder neck avulsion and urethral rupture is rare however it causes great morbidity. The management is complex and not standard yet. We report our experience and a technique of bladder ...

    Authors: Rong Lv, Chongrui Jin, Huiquan Shu, Lin Wang and Yinglong Sa
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:179
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Most cases of antenatal the Society of Fetal Urology (SFU) grade 1or 2 hydronephrosis (HN) improve or resolve spontaneously with conservative treatment. However, there is no consensus on the duration of follow...

    Authors: Akihiro Nakane, Kentaro Mizuno, Taiki Kato, Hidenori Nishio, Hideyuki Kamisawa, Satoshi Kurokawa, Tetsuji Maruyama, Takahiro Yasui and Yutaro Hayashi
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Unplanned hospitalization following ureteroscopy (URS) for urinary stone disease is associated with patient morbidity and increased healthcare costs. To this effect, AUA guidelines recommend at least a urinaly...

    Authors: Adam Cole, Jaya Telang, Tae-Kyung Kim, Kavya Swarna, Ji Qi, Casey Dauw, Brian Seifman, Mazen Abdelhady, William Roberts, John Hollingsworth and Khurshid R. Ghani
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Ureteric stricture is a common and salvaging complications after renal transplantation. Two treatment methods are usually used, retrograde ureteral stent placement and percutaneous nephrostomy. The former has ...

    Authors: Jian-Hui Wu, Chun-Bai Mo, Li Dong-Zhai, Fei Luo, Qing-Tong Ma and Shi-Qiang Yang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:177
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  19. Primary pure angiosarcoma of the testis is an exceptionally rare testicular malignancy, which is poorly understood. We present the fifth and youngest case in the current medical literature. Additionally, all c...

    Authors: J. Walravens-Evans, M. Yao, S. Grannò, D. Arul and S. Chitale
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:175
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  20. Patients with urolithiasis have a lower bone mineral density (BMD) than those without stones, suggesting a potential correlation between calcium stone formation and bone resorption disorders, including osteope...

    Authors: Kazumi Taguchi, Shuzo Hamamoto, Atsushi Okada, Yutaro Tanaka, Teruaki Sugino, Rei Unno, Taiki Kato, Ryosuke Ando, Keiichi Tozawa and Takahiro Yasui
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The four most commonly-mutated genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumors are BAP1, PBRM1, SETD2 and VHL. And, there are currently 14 known RCC germline variants that have been reproducibly shown to ...

    Authors: Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, Huihuang Yan, Matthew L. Kosel, Daniel Serie, Paul A. Decker, Robert B. Jenkins, Brian Costello, Bradley Leibovich, Thai H. Ho and Alexander Parker
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:173
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Understanding the drivers of recurrence in aggressive prostate cancer requires detailed molecular and genomic understanding in order to aid therapeutic interventions. We provide here a case report of histologi...

    Authors: Scott G. Williams, Han Xian Aw Yeang, Catherine Mitchell, Franco Caramia, David J. Byrne, Stephen B. Fox, Sue Haupt, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, Paul J. Neeson, Ygal Haupt and Simon P. Keam
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:171
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  24. Kidney cancer is often asymptomatic, leading to proposals for a screening programme. The views of the public towards introducing a new screening programme for kidney cancer are unknown. The aim of this study w...

    Authors: Laragh L. W. Harvey-Kelly, Hannah Harrison, Sabrina H. Rossi, Simon J. Griffin, Grant D. Stewart and Juliet A. Usher-Smith
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Post-operative delirium is an important, yet under-researched complication of surgery. Patients undergoing urological surgery may be at especially high risk of POD, as they are often older, and interventions c...

    Authors: L. Sanyaolu, A. F. M. Scholz, I. Mayo, J. Coode-Bate, C. Oldroyd, B. Carter, T. Quinn and J. Hewitt
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections in children. In children < 7 years of age, the prevalence of one episode of symptomatic UTI has been estimated at 3–7% in girls a...

    Authors: Maria Daniel, Hanna Szymanik-Grzelak, Agnieszka Turczyn and Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:168
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  27. The injection of muscle precursor cells (MPC) into the external urinary sphincter muscle (EUS) is a promising therapeutic option for regenerative treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The objective o...

    Authors: Florian A. Schmid, Dominic Gascho, Niklaus Zoelch, Jenny A. Prange, Giovanni Colacicco and Daniel Eberli
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:167
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  28. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Hiroji Uemura, Yosuke Koroki, Yuki Iwaki, Keiichiro Imanaka, Takeshi Kambara, Angela Lopez-Gitlitz, Andressa Smith and Hirotsugu Uemura
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:166
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Urology 2020 20:139

  29. Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection, as well as asymptomatic leukocytospermia, whether it has effect on semen parameters and whether it needs screening and treatment is still a confusing and controversial topic...

    Authors: Qi-Feng Zhang, Yu-Ji Zhang, Sheng Wang, Yu Wei, Feng Li and Ke-Jian Feng
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. In this study, we investigated the effect of preoperative prostate morphology, especially intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), on continence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

    Authors: Katsuya Hikita, Masashi Honda, Shogo Teraoka, Ryoma Nishikawa, Yuske Kimura, Panagiota Tsounapi, Hideto Iwamoto, Shuichi Morizane and Atsushi Takenaka
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The Expanded Prostate Index Composite for Clinical Practice (EPIC-CP) is a short version of the original EPIC, developed to facilitate the instrument’s use in routine care. This study aimed to validate the EPI...

    Authors: Danilo B. Lourenço, Breno Santos Amaral, Wladimir Alfer-Junior, Ana Vasconcellos, Fernanda Russo, Rafael Sanchez-Salas, Bianca Bianco, Andrew A. Wagner, Peter Chang, Marcio Covas Moschovas, Gustavo Caserta Lemos and Arie Carneiro
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. To evaluate the feasibility, safety, applied value and efficacy of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for PCNL for the treatment of renal calculi. Although the ERAS is applied for many urological diseases,...

    Authors: Qing Li, Li Wan, Shucheng Liu, Mingyong Li, Libo Chen, Zhengwu Hou and Wang Zhang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:162
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty is the most commonly performed procedure for hypospadias. Several flap procedures have been recommended to decrease the postoperative complication rate in TIP repa...

    Authors: Hao Yang, Xiao-xiao Xuan, Dong-lai Hu, Hang Zhang, Qiang Shu, Xiao-dong Guo and Jun-fen Fu
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:161
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) has been extensively reported as a crucial oncogene, and its abnormal expression has been associated with the progression of numerous cancers. However, the role of MTA1 ...

    Authors: Cai Lv, Yuan Huang, Qingqing Lei, Zhenxiang Liu, Shixing Shen and Wenxia Si
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:160
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Most patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) developed metastasis within 2 years, even after radical cystectomy (RC). The recurrence rate of MIBC was more than 50% of the cases. A meta-analysis con...

    Authors: Agus Rizal A. H. Hamid, Fanny Riana Ridwan, Dyandra Parikesit, Fina Widia, Chaidir Arif Mochtar and Rainy Umbas
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Xanthine urinary stones are a rare entity that may occur in patients with Lesch–Nyhan syndrome receiving allopurinol. There is little literature describing imaging characteristics of these stones, and the most...

    Authors: Stephanie B. Shamir, Qi Peng, Alan H. Schoenfeld, Beth A. Drzewiecki and Mark C. Liszewski
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Patients with severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) from giant prostatic hyperplasia (GPH): prostate volume greater than 200 mL that do not respond to medical therapy may not be eligible for surgical trea...

    Authors: Alexander S. Somwaru, Stephen Metting, Laura M. Flisnik, Michael G. Nellamattathil, Arjun Sharma and Venkat S. Katabathina
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Large paraganglioma of the Zuckerkandl organ (POZ) is extremely rare. The patient can occasionally be paucisymptomatic, further obscuring the diagnosis and carrying high mortality. Recommended treatment for la...

    Authors: Xiang Ren, Jiwen Shang, Ruimin Ren, Huajun Zhang and Xue Yao
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:156
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  40. Laparoscopic resection is the most well described minimally-invasive approach for adrenalectomy. While it allows for improved cosmesis, faster recovery and decreased length of hospital stay compared with the o...

    Authors: Anirban P. Mitra, Evalynn Vasquez, Paul Kokorowski and Andy Y. Chang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:155
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  41. Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a disease with diverse clinical manifestations, such as pelvic pain or perineal pain. Although recent studies found several risk factors related to...

    Authors: Jing Chen, Haomin Zhang, Di Niu, Hu Li, Kun Wei, Li Zhang, Shuiping Yin, Longfei Liu, Xiansheng Zhang, Meng Zhang and Chaozhao Liang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:154
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Bladder leiomyomas are rare and benign tumors of the bladder. They account for 0.43% of all bladder tumors, and only 250 cases have been reported in English literature. Based on the size and localization of th...

    Authors: Athanasios Zachariou, Maria Filiponi, Fotios Dimitriadis, Aris Kaltsas and Nikolaos Sofikitis
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:152
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  43. The current study aimed to compare the efficacy of transition zone PSA density (TZPSAD) with traditional PSA and PSA density (PSAD), for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) in Taiwanese males.

    Authors: Tsung-Hsin Chang, Wun-Rong Lin, Wei-Kung Tsai, Pai-Kai Chiang, Marcelo Chen, Jen-Shu Tseng and Allen W. Chiu
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:151
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Controversy remains despite several studies have discussed the role of bariatric surgery in improving male’s sexual function. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of bariatric surgery in promoting male’s e...

    Authors: Shengzhuo Liu, Dehong Cao, Zhengju Ren, Jinze Li, Lei Peng, Qin Zhang, Bo Cheng, Zheyu Cheng, Jianzhong Ai, Xiaonan Zheng, Liangren Liu and Qiang Wei
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. The effect of ambient pollutants on the male reproductive system is controversial. This retrospective study investigated the effect of environmental pollutants on male reproductive health.

    Authors: Yu-An Chen, Yi-Kai Chang, Yann-Rong Su and Hong-Chiang Chang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:149
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Stent placement before retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) can theoretically expand the ureter to improve access and remove stones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of preoperative uret...

    Authors: Hyeong Dong Yuk, Juhyun Park, Sung Yong Cho, Luck Hee Sung and Chang Wook Jeong
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Pentafecta is a major goal in the era of partial nephrectomy (PN). Simplified PADUA REnal (SPARE) nephrometry system was developed to evaluate the complexity of tumor. However, the predictive ability in pentaf...

    Authors: Chi-Ping Huang, Chao-Hsiang Chang, Hsi-Chin Wu, Che-Rei Yang, Po-Fan Hsieh, Guang-Heng Chen, Po-Jen Hsiao, Yi-Huei Chang, Yu-Ping Wang and Yu-De Wang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary tract. The role of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) in BC remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate th...

    Authors: Eun Hye Lee, So Young Chun, Bomi Kim, Bo Hyun Yoon, Jun Nyung Lee, Bum Soo Kim, Eun Sang Yoo, Sangkyu Lee, Phil Hyun Song, Tae Gyun Kwon and Yun-Sok Ha
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. We aimed to explore the utility of prostate specific antigen (PSA) isoform [− 2] proPSA and its derivatives for prediction of pathological outcome after radical prostatectomy (RP).

    Authors: Vojtech Novak, Stepan Vesely, Hana Luksanová, Richard Prusa, Otakar Capoun, Vojtech Fiala, Olga Dolejsová, Hana Sedlacková, Radek Kucera, Jiri Stejskal, Miroslav Zalesky and Marko Babjuk
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:144
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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