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  1. Active surveillance (AS) is a management option for men diagnosed with lower risk prostate cancer. There is wide variation in all aspects of AS internationally, from patient selection to investigations and fol...

    Authors: Samuel W. D. Merriel, Daniel Moon, Phil Dundee, Niall Corcoran, Peter Carroll, Alan Partin, Joseph A. Smith, Freddie Hamdy, Caroline Moore, Piet Ost and Tony Costello
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:18
  2. Several approaches for urethral catheterization after the failure of initial urethral catheterization have been introduced. However, standard procedures regarding what should be done after failed conventional ...

    Authors: Si Hyun Kim, Hee Jo Yang, Doo Sang Kim, Chang Ho Lee, Youn Soo Jeon and Ki Hong Kim
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:17
  3. Splenogondal fusion (SGF) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by abnormal association between the splenic tissue and the gonads or mesonephric remnants. SGF that requires separate two-stage laparoscopic...

    Authors: Guangjie Chen, Xiaohao Wang, Yijun Zhao, Linfeng Zhu and Daxing Tang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:16
  4. Phimosis is the inability to retract the preputium downward over the glans penis. Despite the various techniques of preputial plasty described in literature, the most performed surgical treatment is still the ...

    Authors: Pagano Carmine, Faenza Mario, Guastafierro Antonio, Manfellotto Vincenzo, Grella Elisa, Cosenza Angelo, Pieretti Gorizio and Izzo Sara
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:15
  5. Previous findings indicate that pre-emptive pregabalin as part of multimodal anesthesia reduces opioid requirements compared to conventional anesthesia in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic prosta...

    Authors: K. Sisa, S. Huoponen, O. Ettala, H. Antila, T. I. Saari and P. Uusalo
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:14
  6. Verrucous carcinoma, a rare low-grade well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, is known for its favorable biological behavior and lack of metastatic potential. However, aggressive resection is problematic ...

    Authors: Dong In Jo, Song Hyun Han, Soon Heum Kim, Hye Young Kim, Hong Chung and Hong Sup Kim
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:13
  7. Radical prostatectomy is the gold standard treatment for men with localized prostate cancer. This technique is associated with post-operative urinary incontinence. Pelvic floor physiotherapy is a conservative,...

    Authors: R. Pané-Alemany, I. Ramírez-García, A. Carralero-Martínez, L. Blanco-Ratto, S. Kauffmann and E. Sánchez
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:12
  8. Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy is the conventional method of diagnosing prostate cancer. TRUS-guided prostate biopsy can occasionally be associated with severe complications. Here, w...

    Authors: Shunichiro Nomura, Yuka Toyama, Jun Akatsuka, Yuki Endo, Ryoji Kimata, Yasutomo Suzuki, Tsutomu Hamasaki, Go Kimura and Yukihiro Kondo
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:11
  9. A history of preoperative obstructive pyelonephritis has been reported as a risk factor for febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) after ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL). But there is no clear evidence of risk...

    Authors: Yoshitaka Itami, Makito Miyake, Takuya Owari, Takashi Iwamoto, Daisuke Gotoh, Hitoshi Momose, Kiyohide Fujimoto and Shuya Hirao
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:10
  10. A link between sexual dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been noticed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains the standard treatment for ...

    Authors: Li K. Chen, Yu W. Lai, Li P. Chiu and Saint Shiou-Sheng Chen
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:9
  11. Although it is known that malignancies can be associated with dermatomyositis, there are few reports on dermatomyositis associated with prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation.

    Authors: Hideyuki Minagawa, Taketo Kawai, Akihiko Matsumoto, Katsuhiro Makino, Yusuke Sato, Kenji Nagasaka, Masami Tokura, Nao Tanaka, Eisaku Ito, Yuta Yamada, Masaki Nakamura, Daisuke Yamada, Motofumi Suzuki, Takashi Murata and Haruki Kume
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:8
  12. Although several distribution patterns of periprostatic neurovascular bundles have been proposed, variant dissection technique based on these patterns still confused surgeons. The aim of this study was to desc...

    Authors: Xuemei Li, Jianhui Wu, Qiliang Cai, Janming Pan, Qingguo Meng, Ping Zhang, Yong Xu and Lidong Zhai
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:6
  13. Emerging evidence has noted the important participation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in several human diseases including cancer. This research was launched to probe the function of miR-381 in bladder cancer (BCa) pro...

    Authors: Dayin Chen, Liang Cheng, Huifeng Cao and Wensi Liu
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:5
  14. Bladder tumors in pregnancy are extremely rare. No more than 50 cases have been published to date, including all histologic variants, and only three cases of bladder squamous cell carcinoma have been described.

    Authors: Pablo A. Rojas, Cristián González, Gonzalo P. Mendez, Alejandro Majerson and Ignacio F. San Francisco
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:4
  15. To explore the rate of Gleason sum upgrading (GSU) from biopsy to radical prostatectomy pathology and to develop a nomogram for predicting the probability of GSU in a Chinese cohort.

    Authors: Xiaochuan Wang, Yu Zhang, Fengbo Zhang, Zhengguo Ji, Peiqian Yang and Ye Tian
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:3
  16. To compare robot-assisted simple enucleation with renal arterial cold perfusion (RACP-RASE) and RASE alone in complex renal tumors with regard to perioperative, functional and oncologic outcomes by propensity ...

    Authors: Qun Lu, Xiaozhi Zhao, Changwei Ji, Suhan Guo, Xuefeng Qiu, Guangxiang Liu, Shiwei Zhang, Xiaogong Li, Gutian Zhang, Xuebin Zhang and Hongqian Guo
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:2
  17. Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone neoplasm and is sometimes referred to as osteocartilaginous exostosis. The symptoms caused by osteochondroma are rare, especially the urogenital complications. The...

    Authors: Li-cheng Song, Qian Xu, Hui Li, Zhi-jun Li, Ya Li, Ya-fei Qin, Bao-long Wang and Hua-feng Zhang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:1
  18. Within the last decade, robotically-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) has become the standard for treating localized prostate cancer, causing a revival of the 45° Trendelenburg position. In this pilot...

    Authors: Clemens Wiesinger, Dominik Stefan Schoeb, Mathias Stockhammer, Emir Mirtezani, Lukas Mitterschiffthaler, Helga Wagner, Johann Knotzer and Walter Pauer
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:198
  19. The neuroendocrine cells can cause a variety of malignancies throughout the human body known as the neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) or carcinoid tumors. The primary testicular carcinoid tumor (PTCT) accounts for ...

    Authors: Eugen Widmeier, Hannah Füllgraf and Cornelius F. Waller
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:197
  20. In definitive radiation therapy for prostate cancer, the SpaceOAR® System, a hydrogel spacer, is widely used to decrease the irradiated dose and toxicity of rectum. On the other hand, periprostatic abscesses f...

    Authors: Tairo Kashihara, Koji Inaba, Motokiyo Komiyama, Hiroki Nakayama, Kotaro Iijima, Shie Nishioka, Hiroyuki Okamoto, Nao Kikkawa, Yuko Kubo, Satoshi Shima, Satoshi Nakamura, Ayaka Takahashi, Kana Takahashi, Kae Okuma, Naoya Murakami, Hiroshi Igaki…
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:196
  21. Bladder cancer is one of the most common urinary tract cancers. This study aims to estimate the survival rate of patients with bladder cancer according to the Cox proportional hazards model based on some key r...

    Authors: Mozhdeh Amiri, Sofimajidpour Heshmatollah, Nader Esmaeilnasab, Jamshid Khoubi, Ebrahim Ghaderi and Daem Roshani
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:195
  22. Data are scarce regarding intravesical maintenance therapy (MT) with the low-dose bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) Tokyo strain. We investigated the efficacy and safety of MT with a half dose of the Tokyo strain...

    Authors: Dai Koguchi, Kazumasa Matsumoto, Takahiro Hirayama, Shigetaka Moroo, Momoko Kobayashi, Hiroki Katsumata, Masaomi Ikeda and Masatsugu Iwamura
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:194
  23. We found that the bladders of multiple sclerosis mice were significantly fibrotic. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fibronectin 1 (FN1) and bladder fibrosis, as well as the microRNAs in...

    Authors: Bowen Liu, Yafei Ding, Peng Li, Tao Wang, Siyuan He, Zhankui Jia and Jinjian Yang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:193
  24. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are prevalent among pregnant women. Several articles show the impact of LUTS on pregnant women’s quality of life (QoL). This study was designed to examine the impact of non-...

    Authors: Qais T. Ahmad, Jaffar H. Saffarini, Ahmad M. Samara, Dima S. Jabri, Zaina H. Safarini, Yousra M. Banijaber, Ahmad Jaradat, Faris Abushamma and Sa’ed H. Zyoud
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:191
  25. To develop a questionnaire to facilitate the inventorying of women’s expectations for the assessment and treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in secondary care.

    Authors: J. J. Pat, T. v. d. Aart, M. G. Steffens, L. P. W. Witte and M. H. Blanker
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:190
  26. Hypospadias, the most frequent congenital male external genitalia abnormality, is usually associated with curvature of the ventral penis, i.e. chordee. Abnormality of darto tissue has been suggested as the pat...

    Authors: Prahara Yuri, Gunadi, Rahmadani Puji Lestari, Firly Putri Fardilla, Wiwit Ananda Wahyu Setyaningsih, Nur Arfian and Ishandono Dachlan
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:189
  27. It has been reported that Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection was more prevalent in infertile populations. HP infection could lead to decreased sperm parameters, and treating the HP infection could improve the qua...

    Authors: Chun Feng, Ping-Ping Lv, Chang-Chang Huang, Song-Qing Yang, Qiu-Ping Yao, Jin-Ming Shen and Min Jin
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:188

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Urology 2021 21:19

  28. Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common cancer in the UK, with about 10,000 new cases annually. About 75–85% of BC are non-muscle invasive (NMIBC), which is associated with high recurrence and progression ...

    Authors: Peter Ella-Tongwiis, Rebecca May Lamb, Alexander Makanga, Iqbal Shergill and Stephen Fôn Hughes
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:187
  29. Complications in the urinary tract related to congenital Zika syndrome have recently been reported. One complication, cryptorchidism, has been reported by the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group/MERG, in Pern...

    Authors: Rômulo A. L. de Vasconcelos, Ricardo A. A. Ximenes, Adriano A. Calado, Celina M. T. Martelli, Andreia V. Gonçalves, Elizabeth B. Brickley, Thalia V. B. de Araújo, Maria A. W. Rocha and Demócrito de B. Miranda-Filho
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:186
  30. Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) and proper adjustment of saline irrigation speed are important to avoid CBI failure in hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant...

    Authors: Wenbo Yang, Yiqing Du, Zhan Qu, Wenjun Bai, Luping Yu, Xiaopeng Zhang, Qi Wang, Xiaowei Zhang, Qing Li and Tao Xu
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:184
  31. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and clinical outcomes of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for patients with renal stones using pure fluoroscopy (FS) or ultrasound-assisted (USa) localization with t...

    Authors: Tsung-Hsin Chang, Wun-Rong Lin, Wei-Kung Tsai, Pai-Kai Chiang, Marcelo Chen, Jen-Shu Tseng and Allen W. Chiu
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:183
  32. Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a rare tumor that typically occurs in the pelvis and perineum, most commonly in women of reproductive age. However, no para-ureteral AA has been reported according to the literat...

    Authors: Ming Liu, Ting-Shuai Zhai, Xiao-Feng Zhao, Li-Jin Feng, Xin-Sheng Lyu, Lan-Ting Hu, Zheng-Xin Wang, Wei-Guo Ma, Jian Zhang, Xiao Chen, Bin-Jie Su, Xu-Dong Yao, Jing-Yi Lu and Lin Ye
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:182
  33. To evaluate patient-reported outcomes with ramucirumab plus docetaxel, a regimen which improved progression-free survival in platinum-refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC).

    Authors: Andrea Necchi, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Nobuaki Matsubara, Jae-Lyun Lee, Daniel P. Petrylak, Ronald de Wit, Alexandra Drakaki, Astra M. Liepa, Huzhang Mao, Katherine Bell-McGuinn and Thomas Powles
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:181
  34. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is a bladder disease usually characterized by pain, urgency, and frequency. Interstitial cystitis is currently classified into two subtypes, with and without Hunner’...

    Authors: Elijah P. Ward, Sarah N. Bartolone, Michael B. Chancellor, Kenneth M. Peters and Laura E. Lamb
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:180
  35. Girls’ pelvic fracture bladder neck avulsion and urethral rupture is rare however it causes great morbidity. The management is complex and not standard yet. We report our experience and a technique of bladder ...

    Authors: Rong Lv, Chongrui Jin, Huiquan Shu, Lin Wang and Yinglong Sa
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:179
  36. Most cases of antenatal the Society of Fetal Urology (SFU) grade 1or 2 hydronephrosis (HN) improve or resolve spontaneously with conservative treatment. However, there is no consensus on the duration of follow...

    Authors: Akihiro Nakane, Kentaro Mizuno, Taiki Kato, Hidenori Nishio, Hideyuki Kamisawa, Satoshi Kurokawa, Tetsuji Maruyama, Takahiro Yasui and Yutaro Hayashi
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:178
  37. Unplanned hospitalization following ureteroscopy (URS) for urinary stone disease is associated with patient morbidity and increased healthcare costs. To this effect, AUA guidelines recommend at least a urinaly...

    Authors: Adam Cole, Jaya Telang, Tae-Kyung Kim, Kavya Swarna, Ji Qi, Casey Dauw, Brian Seifman, Mazen Abdelhady, William Roberts, John Hollingsworth and Khurshid R. Ghani
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:176
  38. Ureteric stricture is a common and salvaging complications after renal transplantation. Two treatment methods are usually used, retrograde ureteral stent placement and percutaneous nephrostomy. The former has ...

    Authors: Jian-Hui Wu, Chun-Bai Mo, Li Dong-Zhai, Fei Luo, Qing-Tong Ma and Shi-Qiang Yang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:177
  39. Primary pure angiosarcoma of the testis is an exceptionally rare testicular malignancy, which is poorly understood. We present the fifth and youngest case in the current medical literature. Additionally, all c...

    Authors: J. Walravens-Evans, M. Yao, S. Grannò, D. Arul and S. Chitale
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:175
  40. Patients with urolithiasis have a lower bone mineral density (BMD) than those without stones, suggesting a potential correlation between calcium stone formation and bone resorption disorders, including osteope...

    Authors: Kazumi Taguchi, Shuzo Hamamoto, Atsushi Okada, Yutaro Tanaka, Teruaki Sugino, Rei Unno, Taiki Kato, Ryosuke Ando, Keiichi Tozawa and Takahiro Yasui
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:174
  41. The four most commonly-mutated genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumors are BAP1, PBRM1, SETD2 and VHL. And, there are currently 14 known RCC germline variants that have been reproducibly shown to ...

    Authors: Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, Huihuang Yan, Matthew L. Kosel, Daniel Serie, Paul A. Decker, Robert B. Jenkins, Brian Costello, Bradley Leibovich, Thai H. Ho and Alexander Parker
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:173
  42. Understanding the drivers of recurrence in aggressive prostate cancer requires detailed molecular and genomic understanding in order to aid therapeutic interventions. We provide here a case report of histologi...

    Authors: Scott G. Williams, Han Xian Aw Yeang, Catherine Mitchell, Franco Caramia, David J. Byrne, Stephen B. Fox, Sue Haupt, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, Paul J. Neeson, Ygal Haupt and Simon P. Keam
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:171
  43. Kidney cancer is often asymptomatic, leading to proposals for a screening programme. The views of the public towards introducing a new screening programme for kidney cancer are unknown. The aim of this study w...

    Authors: Laragh L. W. Harvey-Kelly, Hannah Harrison, Sabrina H. Rossi, Simon J. Griffin, Grant D. Stewart and Juliet A. Usher-Smith
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:170
  44. Post-operative delirium is an important, yet under-researched complication of surgery. Patients undergoing urological surgery may be at especially high risk of POD, as they are often older, and interventions c...

    Authors: L. Sanyaolu, A. F. M. Scholz, I. Mayo, J. Coode-Bate, C. Oldroyd, B. Carter, T. Quinn and J. Hewitt
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:169
  45. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections in children. In children < 7 years of age, the prevalence of one episode of symptomatic UTI has been estimated at 3–7% in girls a...

    Authors: Maria Daniel, Hanna Szymanik-Grzelak, Agnieszka Turczyn and Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:168
  46. The injection of muscle precursor cells (MPC) into the external urinary sphincter muscle (EUS) is a promising therapeutic option for regenerative treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The objective o...

    Authors: Florian A. Schmid, Dominic Gascho, Niklaus Zoelch, Jenny A. Prange, Giovanni Colacicco and Daniel Eberli
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:167

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