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  1. Verrucous carcinoma, a rare low-grade well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, is known for its favorable biological behavior and lack of metastatic potential. However, aggressive resection is problematic ...

    Authors: Dong In Jo, Song Hyun Han, Soon Heum Kim, Hye Young Kim, Hong Chung and Hong Sup Kim
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Radical prostatectomy is the gold standard treatment for men with localized prostate cancer. This technique is associated with post-operative urinary incontinence. Pelvic floor physiotherapy is a conservative,...

    Authors: R. Pané-Alemany, I. Ramírez-García, A. Carralero-Martínez, L. Blanco-Ratto, S. Kauffmann and E. Sánchez
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:12
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  3. Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy is the conventional method of diagnosing prostate cancer. TRUS-guided prostate biopsy can occasionally be associated with severe complications. Here, w...

    Authors: Shunichiro Nomura, Yuka Toyama, Jun Akatsuka, Yuki Endo, Ryoji Kimata, Yasutomo Suzuki, Tsutomu Hamasaki, Go Kimura and Yukihiro Kondo
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:11
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  4. A history of preoperative obstructive pyelonephritis has been reported as a risk factor for febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) after ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL). But there is no clear evidence of risk...

    Authors: Yoshitaka Itami, Makito Miyake, Takuya Owari, Takashi Iwamoto, Daisuke Gotoh, Hitoshi Momose, Kiyohide Fujimoto and Shuya Hirao
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. A link between sexual dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has been noticed. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) remains the standard treatment for ...

    Authors: Li K. Chen, Yu W. Lai, Li P. Chiu and Saint Shiou-Sheng Chen
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Although it is known that malignancies can be associated with dermatomyositis, there are few reports on dermatomyositis associated with prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation.

    Authors: Hideyuki Minagawa, Taketo Kawai, Akihiko Matsumoto, Katsuhiro Makino, Yusuke Sato, Kenji Nagasaka, Masami Tokura, Nao Tanaka, Eisaku Ito, Yuta Yamada, Masaki Nakamura, Daisuke Yamada, Motofumi Suzuki, Takashi Murata and Haruki Kume
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:8
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  8. Although several distribution patterns of periprostatic neurovascular bundles have been proposed, variant dissection technique based on these patterns still confused surgeons. The aim of this study was to desc...

    Authors: Xuemei Li, Jianhui Wu, Qiliang Cai, Janming Pan, Qingguo Meng, Ping Zhang, Yong Xu and Lidong Zhai
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Emerging evidence has noted the important participation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in several human diseases including cancer. This research was launched to probe the function of miR-381 in bladder cancer (BCa) pro...

    Authors: Dayin Chen, Liang Cheng, Huifeng Cao and Wensi Liu
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Bladder tumors in pregnancy are extremely rare. No more than 50 cases have been published to date, including all histologic variants, and only three cases of bladder squamous cell carcinoma have been described.

    Authors: Pablo A. Rojas, Cristián González, Gonzalo P. Mendez, Alejandro Majerson and Ignacio F. San Francisco
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:4
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  11. To explore the rate of Gleason sum upgrading (GSU) from biopsy to radical prostatectomy pathology and to develop a nomogram for predicting the probability of GSU in a Chinese cohort.

    Authors: Xiaochuan Wang, Yu Zhang, Fengbo Zhang, Zhengguo Ji, Peiqian Yang and Ye Tian
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. To compare robot-assisted simple enucleation with renal arterial cold perfusion (RACP-RASE) and RASE alone in complex renal tumors with regard to perioperative, functional and oncologic outcomes by propensity ...

    Authors: Qun Lu, Xiaozhi Zhao, Changwei Ji, Suhan Guo, Xuefeng Qiu, Guangxiang Liu, Shiwei Zhang, Xiaogong Li, Gutian Zhang, Xuebin Zhang and Hongqian Guo
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone neoplasm and is sometimes referred to as osteocartilaginous exostosis. The symptoms caused by osteochondroma are rare, especially the urogenital complications. The...

    Authors: Li-cheng Song, Qian Xu, Hui Li, Zhi-jun Li, Ya Li, Ya-fei Qin, Bao-long Wang and Hua-feng Zhang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2021 21:1
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  14. Within the last decade, robotically-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) has become the standard for treating localized prostate cancer, causing a revival of the 45° Trendelenburg position. In this pilot...

    Authors: Clemens Wiesinger, Dominik Stefan Schoeb, Mathias Stockhammer, Emir Mirtezani, Lukas Mitterschiffthaler, Helga Wagner, Johann Knotzer and Walter Pauer
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:198
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The neuroendocrine cells can cause a variety of malignancies throughout the human body known as the neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) or carcinoid tumors. The primary testicular carcinoid tumor (PTCT) accounts for ...

    Authors: Eugen Widmeier, Hannah Füllgraf and Cornelius F. Waller
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:197
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  16. In definitive radiation therapy for prostate cancer, the SpaceOAR® System, a hydrogel spacer, is widely used to decrease the irradiated dose and toxicity of rectum. On the other hand, periprostatic abscesses f...

    Authors: Tairo Kashihara, Koji Inaba, Motokiyo Komiyama, Hiroki Nakayama, Kotaro Iijima, Shie Nishioka, Hiroyuki Okamoto, Nao Kikkawa, Yuko Kubo, Satoshi Shima, Satoshi Nakamura, Ayaka Takahashi, Kana Takahashi, Kae Okuma, Naoya Murakami, Hiroshi Igaki…
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:196
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  17. Bladder cancer is one of the most common urinary tract cancers. This study aims to estimate the survival rate of patients with bladder cancer according to the Cox proportional hazards model based on some key r...

    Authors: Mozhdeh Amiri, Sofimajidpour Heshmatollah, Nader Esmaeilnasab, Jamshid Khoubi, Ebrahim Ghaderi and Daem Roshani
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:195
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Data are scarce regarding intravesical maintenance therapy (MT) with the low-dose bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) Tokyo strain. We investigated the efficacy and safety of MT with a half dose of the Tokyo strain...

    Authors: Dai Koguchi, Kazumasa Matsumoto, Takahiro Hirayama, Shigetaka Moroo, Momoko Kobayashi, Hiroki Katsumata, Masaomi Ikeda and Masatsugu Iwamura
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:194
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. We found that the bladders of multiple sclerosis mice were significantly fibrotic. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fibronectin 1 (FN1) and bladder fibrosis, as well as the microRNAs in...

    Authors: Bowen Liu, Yafei Ding, Peng Li, Tao Wang, Siyuan He, Zhankui Jia and Jinjian Yang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:193
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are prevalent among pregnant women. Several articles show the impact of LUTS on pregnant women’s quality of life (QoL). This study was designed to examine the impact of non-...

    Authors: Qais T. Ahmad, Jaffar H. Saffarini, Ahmad M. Samara, Dima S. Jabri, Zaina H. Safarini, Yousra M. Banijaber, Ahmad Jaradat, Faris Abushamma and Sa’ed H. Zyoud
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. To develop a questionnaire to facilitate the inventorying of women’s expectations for the assessment and treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) in secondary care.

    Authors: J. J. Pat, T. v. d. Aart, M. G. Steffens, L. P. W. Witte and M. H. Blanker
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Hypospadias, the most frequent congenital male external genitalia abnormality, is usually associated with curvature of the ventral penis, i.e. chordee. Abnormality of darto tissue has been suggested as the pat...

    Authors: Prahara Yuri, Gunadi, Rahmadani Puji Lestari, Firly Putri Fardilla, Wiwit Ananda Wahyu Setyaningsih, Nur Arfian and Ishandono Dachlan
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:189
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. It has been reported that Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection was more prevalent in infertile populations. HP infection could lead to decreased sperm parameters, and treating the HP infection could improve the qua...

    Authors: Chun Feng, Ping-Ping Lv, Chang-Chang Huang, Song-Qing Yang, Qiu-Ping Yao, Jin-Ming Shen and Min Jin
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:188
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Urology 2021 21:19

  25. Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common cancer in the UK, with about 10,000 new cases annually. About 75–85% of BC are non-muscle invasive (NMIBC), which is associated with high recurrence and progression ...

    Authors: Peter Ella-Tongwiis, Rebecca May Lamb, Alexander Makanga, Iqbal Shergill and Stephen Fôn Hughes
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:187
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Complications in the urinary tract related to congenital Zika syndrome have recently been reported. One complication, cryptorchidism, has been reported by the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group/MERG, in Pern...

    Authors: Rômulo A. L. de Vasconcelos, Ricardo A. A. Ximenes, Adriano A. Calado, Celina M. T. Martelli, Andreia V. Gonçalves, Elizabeth B. Brickley, Thalia V. B. de Araújo, Maria A. W. Rocha and Demócrito de B. Miranda-Filho
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:186
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  28. Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) and proper adjustment of saline irrigation speed are important to avoid CBI failure in hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant...

    Authors: Wenbo Yang, Yiqing Du, Zhan Qu, Wenjun Bai, Luping Yu, Xiaopeng Zhang, Qi Wang, Xiaowei Zhang, Qing Li and Tao Xu
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:184
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and clinical outcomes of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for patients with renal stones using pure fluoroscopy (FS) or ultrasound-assisted (USa) localization with t...

    Authors: Tsung-Hsin Chang, Wun-Rong Lin, Wei-Kung Tsai, Pai-Kai Chiang, Marcelo Chen, Jen-Shu Tseng and Allen W. Chiu
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:183
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a rare tumor that typically occurs in the pelvis and perineum, most commonly in women of reproductive age. However, no para-ureteral AA has been reported according to the literat...

    Authors: Ming Liu, Ting-Shuai Zhai, Xiao-Feng Zhao, Li-Jin Feng, Xin-Sheng Lyu, Lan-Ting Hu, Zheng-Xin Wang, Wei-Guo Ma, Jian Zhang, Xiao Chen, Bin-Jie Su, Xu-Dong Yao, Jing-Yi Lu and Lin Ye
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:182
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  31. To evaluate patient-reported outcomes with ramucirumab plus docetaxel, a regimen which improved progression-free survival in platinum-refractory advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC).

    Authors: Andrea Necchi, Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Nobuaki Matsubara, Jae-Lyun Lee, Daniel P. Petrylak, Ronald de Wit, Alexandra Drakaki, Astra M. Liepa, Huzhang Mao, Katherine Bell-McGuinn and Thomas Powles
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:181
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is a bladder disease usually characterized by pain, urgency, and frequency. Interstitial cystitis is currently classified into two subtypes, with and without Hunner’...

    Authors: Elijah P. Ward, Sarah N. Bartolone, Michael B. Chancellor, Kenneth M. Peters and Laura E. Lamb
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Girls’ pelvic fracture bladder neck avulsion and urethral rupture is rare however it causes great morbidity. The management is complex and not standard yet. We report our experience and a technique of bladder ...

    Authors: Rong Lv, Chongrui Jin, Huiquan Shu, Lin Wang and Yinglong Sa
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:179
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Most cases of antenatal the Society of Fetal Urology (SFU) grade 1or 2 hydronephrosis (HN) improve or resolve spontaneously with conservative treatment. However, there is no consensus on the duration of follow...

    Authors: Akihiro Nakane, Kentaro Mizuno, Taiki Kato, Hidenori Nishio, Hideyuki Kamisawa, Satoshi Kurokawa, Tetsuji Maruyama, Takahiro Yasui and Yutaro Hayashi
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Unplanned hospitalization following ureteroscopy (URS) for urinary stone disease is associated with patient morbidity and increased healthcare costs. To this effect, AUA guidelines recommend at least a urinaly...

    Authors: Adam Cole, Jaya Telang, Tae-Kyung Kim, Kavya Swarna, Ji Qi, Casey Dauw, Brian Seifman, Mazen Abdelhady, William Roberts, John Hollingsworth and Khurshid R. Ghani
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Ureteric stricture is a common and salvaging complications after renal transplantation. Two treatment methods are usually used, retrograde ureteral stent placement and percutaneous nephrostomy. The former has ...

    Authors: Jian-Hui Wu, Chun-Bai Mo, Li Dong-Zhai, Fei Luo, Qing-Tong Ma and Shi-Qiang Yang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:177
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  37. Primary pure angiosarcoma of the testis is an exceptionally rare testicular malignancy, which is poorly understood. We present the fifth and youngest case in the current medical literature. Additionally, all c...

    Authors: J. Walravens-Evans, M. Yao, S. Grannò, D. Arul and S. Chitale
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:175
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  38. Patients with urolithiasis have a lower bone mineral density (BMD) than those without stones, suggesting a potential correlation between calcium stone formation and bone resorption disorders, including osteope...

    Authors: Kazumi Taguchi, Shuzo Hamamoto, Atsushi Okada, Yutaro Tanaka, Teruaki Sugino, Rei Unno, Taiki Kato, Ryosuke Ando, Keiichi Tozawa and Takahiro Yasui
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The four most commonly-mutated genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumors are BAP1, PBRM1, SETD2 and VHL. And, there are currently 14 known RCC germline variants that have been reproducibly shown to ...

    Authors: Jeanette E. Eckel-Passow, Huihuang Yan, Matthew L. Kosel, Daniel Serie, Paul A. Decker, Robert B. Jenkins, Brian Costello, Bradley Leibovich, Thai H. Ho and Alexander Parker
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:173
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Understanding the drivers of recurrence in aggressive prostate cancer requires detailed molecular and genomic understanding in order to aid therapeutic interventions. We provide here a case report of histologi...

    Authors: Scott G. Williams, Han Xian Aw Yeang, Catherine Mitchell, Franco Caramia, David J. Byrne, Stephen B. Fox, Sue Haupt, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, Paul J. Neeson, Ygal Haupt and Simon P. Keam
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:171
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  42. Kidney cancer is often asymptomatic, leading to proposals for a screening programme. The views of the public towards introducing a new screening programme for kidney cancer are unknown. The aim of this study w...

    Authors: Laragh L. W. Harvey-Kelly, Hannah Harrison, Sabrina H. Rossi, Simon J. Griffin, Grant D. Stewart and Juliet A. Usher-Smith
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Post-operative delirium is an important, yet under-researched complication of surgery. Patients undergoing urological surgery may be at especially high risk of POD, as they are often older, and interventions c...

    Authors: L. Sanyaolu, A. F. M. Scholz, I. Mayo, J. Coode-Bate, C. Oldroyd, B. Carter, T. Quinn and J. Hewitt
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections in children. In children < 7 years of age, the prevalence of one episode of symptomatic UTI has been estimated at 3–7% in girls a...

    Authors: Maria Daniel, Hanna Szymanik-Grzelak, Agnieszka Turczyn and Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:168
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  45. The injection of muscle precursor cells (MPC) into the external urinary sphincter muscle (EUS) is a promising therapeutic option for regenerative treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The objective o...

    Authors: Florian A. Schmid, Dominic Gascho, Niklaus Zoelch, Jenny A. Prange, Giovanni Colacicco and Daniel Eberli
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:167
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  46. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Hiroji Uemura, Yosuke Koroki, Yuki Iwaki, Keiichiro Imanaka, Takeshi Kambara, Angela Lopez-Gitlitz, Andressa Smith and Hirotsugu Uemura
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:166
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Urology 2020 20:139

  47. Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection, as well as asymptomatic leukocytospermia, whether it has effect on semen parameters and whether it needs screening and treatment is still a confusing and controversial topic...

    Authors: Qi-Feng Zhang, Yu-Ji Zhang, Sheng Wang, Yu Wei, Feng Li and Ke-Jian Feng
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. In this study, we investigated the effect of preoperative prostate morphology, especially intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), on continence after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).

    Authors: Katsuya Hikita, Masashi Honda, Shogo Teraoka, Ryoma Nishikawa, Yuske Kimura, Panagiota Tsounapi, Hideto Iwamoto, Shuichi Morizane and Atsushi Takenaka
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The Expanded Prostate Index Composite for Clinical Practice (EPIC-CP) is a short version of the original EPIC, developed to facilitate the instrument’s use in routine care. This study aimed to validate the EPI...

    Authors: Danilo B. Lourenço, Breno Santos Amaral, Wladimir Alfer-Junior, Ana Vasconcellos, Fernanda Russo, Rafael Sanchez-Salas, Bianca Bianco, Andrew A. Wagner, Peter Chang, Marcio Covas Moschovas, Gustavo Caserta Lemos and Arie Carneiro
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. To evaluate the feasibility, safety, applied value and efficacy of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for PCNL for the treatment of renal calculi. Although the ERAS is applied for many urological diseases,...

    Authors: Qing Li, Li Wan, Shucheng Liu, Mingyong Li, Libo Chen, Zhengwu Hou and Wang Zhang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2020 20:162
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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