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  1. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for abscess formation in acute bacterial prostatitis, and to compare treatment outcomes between abscess group and non-abscess group.

    Authors: Dong Sup Lee, Hyun-Sop Choe, Hee Youn Kim, Sun Wook Kim, Sang Rak Bae, Byung Il Yoon and Seung-Ju Lee
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:38
  2. The currently recommended treatment algorithm for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma who fail the first-line targeted therapy does not normally include pazopanib as a second-line treatment option. It ...

    Authors: Victor C. Kok and Jung-Tsung Kuo
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:34
  3. The activation of TRPA1 channel is implicated in hyper-reflexic micturition similar to overactive bladder. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of blocking TRPA1 via intrathecal administration of...

    Authors: Zhipeng Chen, Shuqi Du, Chuize Kong, Zhe Zhang and Al-dhabi Mokhtar
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:33
  4. Osteoporosis is a common consequence of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer. Up to 20 % of men on ADT have suffered from fractures within 5 years. The WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX...

    Authors: Takashi Kawahara, Shusei Fusayasu, Koji Izumi, Yumiko Yokomizo, Hiroki Ito, Yusuke Ito, Kayo Kurita, Kazuhiro Furuya, Hisashi Hasumi, Narihiko Hayashi, Yasuhide Myoshi, Hiroshi Miyamoto, Masahiro Yao and Hiroji Uemura
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:32
  5. Flexible cystoscopy (FC) is one of the most frequently performed urological intervention. Cumulative sum analysis (CUSUM) allows objective assessment of a proceduralist’s performance to ensure acceptable outco...

    Authors: Kenneth R. MacKenzie and Jonathan Aning
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:31

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Urology 2016 16:57

  6. Spectrum effects refer to the phenomenon that test performance varies across subgroups of a population. When spectrum effects occur during diagnostic testing for cancer, difficult patient misdiagnoses can occu...

    Authors: Ajay Gopalakrishna, Thomas A. Longo, Joseph J. Fantony, Richmond Owusu, Wen-Chi Foo, Rajesh Dash and Brant A. Inman
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:30
  7. Among the different organs used for NOTES (natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery) technique, the transvaginal approach may be the optimal choice because of a simple and secure closure of colpotomy si...

    Authors: Dechao Wei, Yili Han, Mingchuan Li, Yongxing Wang, Yatong Chen, Yong Luo and Yongguang Jiang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:29
  8. To assess the anti-adhesive effect of treatment with hyaluronic acid-carboxymethylcellulose following laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

    Authors: U-Syn Ha, Jun Sung Koh, Kang Jun Cho, Byung Il Yoon, Kyu Won Lee, Sung Hoo Hong and Ji Youl Lee
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:28
  9. Previous studies have demonstrated an association between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics and predictive value for treatment outcomes. Abiraterone acetate (AA) is a newly approved cytochrome-P450C17 i...

    Authors: Masahiko Nakayama, Hisanori Kobayashi, Tomihiro Takahara, Ryo Oyama, Keiichiro Imanaka and Kazutake Yoshizawa
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:27
  10. We propose to improve the prognostic assessment after radical prostatectomy (RP) by dividing high-risk prostate cancer (hrPCa) (according to the d’Amico classification) into subgroups combining 1, 2 or 3 crite...

    Authors: Jean-Baptiste Beauval, Mathieu Roumiguié, Thomas Filleron, Thibaut Benoit, Alexandre de la Taille, Bernard Malavaud, Laurent Salomon, Michel Soulié and Guillaume Ploussard
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:26
  11. Nonbacterial prostatitis, together with chronic pelvic pain syndrome, accounts for 90–95 % of prostatitis cases. Anti-inflammatory medications are commonly used to reduce storage/inflammatory symptoms that can...

    Authors: Giorgio Bozzini, Marco Provenzano, Nicolò Buffi, Mauro Seveso, Giovanni Lughezzani, Giorgio Guazzoni, Alberto Mandressi and Gianluigi Taverna
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:25
  12. Intestinal metaplasia of the bladder is an uncommon glandular proliferation. We examined a large series of intestinal metaplasia for the clinicopathological features and discuss the significance of this lesion.

    Authors: Zhixiang Xin, Chenhui Zhao, Tao Huang, Zhaohui Zhang, Chenlong Chu, Caifeng Lu, Min Wu and Wenlong Zhou
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:24
  13. Duplex kidney is a common anomaly that is frequently associated with multiple complications. Typical computed tomography urography (CTU) includes four phases (unenhanced, arterial, parenchymal and excretory) a...

    Authors: Honghan Gong, Lei Gao, Xi-Jian Dai, Fuqing Zhou, Ning Zhang, Xianjun Zeng, Jian Jiang and Laichang He
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:21
  14. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether micro-TESE can improve sperm retrieval rate (SRR) compared to conventional single TESE biopsy on the same testicle or to contralateral multiple TESE, by empl...

    Authors: Giorgio Franco, Filomena Scarselli, Valentina Casciani, Cosimo De Nunzio, Donato Dente, Costantino Leonardo, Pier Francesco Greco, Alessia Greco, Maria Giulia Minasi and Ermanno Greco
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:20
  15. Urinary tract infections [UTIs] are very common in people with Spinal Cord Injury [SCI]. UTIs are increasingly difficult and expensive to treat as the organisms that cause them become more antibiotic resistant...

    Authors: Bonsan Bonne Lee, Swee-Ling Toh, Suzanne Ryan, Judy M. Simpson, Kate Clezy, Laetitia Bossa, Scott A. Rice, Obaydullah Marial, Gerard Weber, Jasbeer Kaur, Claire Boswell-Ruys, Stephen Goodall, James Middleton, Mark Tudehope and George Kotsiou
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:18
  16. The objective of this study was to determine the factors responsible for peri-operative blood transfusion in a contemporary series of open prostatectomy for benign prostate hyperplasia and thus offer a guide f...

    Authors: Mathew Y. Kyei, George O. Klufio, James E. Mensah, Samuel Gepi-Attee, Kwabena Ampadu, Bernard Toboh and Edward D. Yeboah
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:17
  17. Human dermal allografts have been used for over a decade for interpositional repair of rectoceles. How do dermal allografts perform with regards to success rate and complications with 8 years’ minimum follow-up?

    Authors: Serge P. Marinkovic, Scott Hughes, Donghua Xie, Lisa M. Gillen and Christina M. Marinkovic
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:16
  18. A possible role for prostate cancer in Lynch syndrome has been debated based on observations of mismatch-repair defective tumors and reports of an increased risk of prostate cancer in mutation carriers. Potent...

    Authors: Mev Dominguez-Valentin, Patrick Joost, Christina Therkildsen, Mats Jonsson, Eva Rambech and Mef Nilbert
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:15
  19. [−2]proPSA and its derivatives have an higher diagnostic accuracy than PSA in predicting prostate cancer (PCa). In alternative to PSA, ultrasensitive PSA (uPSA) and [−2]proPSA could be potentially useful in re...

    Authors: S. De Luca, R. Passera, A. Sottile, C. Fiori, R. M. Scarpa and F. Porpiglia
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:14
  20. While novel drugs have been developed, docetaxel remains one of the standard initial systemic therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. Despite the excellent anti-tumor effect of doce...

    Authors: Shimpei Yamashita, Yasuo Kohjimoto, Takashi Iguchi, Hiroyuki Koike, Hiroki Kusumoto, Akinori Iba, Kazuro Kikkawa, Yoshiki Kodama, Nagahide Matsumura and Isao Hara
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:13
  21. There is much interest in confirming whether the efficacy of abiraterone acetate (AA) demonstrated within the trial setting is reproducible in routine clinical practice. We report the clinical outcome of metas...

    Authors: Darren M. C. Poon, Kuen Chan, S. H. Lee, T. W. Chan, Henry Sze, Eric K. C. Lee, Daisy Lam and Michelle F. T. Chan
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:12
  22. The high false negative rates for initial prostate biopsies refer a large number of the men for repeat biopsies each year. Therefore, biomarkers associated with high risk of the presence of malignancy in histo...

    Authors: Saeid Alinezhad, Riina-Minna Väänänen, Natalia Tong Ochoa, Emily A. Vertosick, Anders Bjartell, Peter J Boström, Pekka Taimen and Kim Pettersson
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:10
  23. Excessive mechanical overload may be involved in bladder wall remodelling. Since the activity of Rho kinase is known to be upregulated in the obstructed bladder, we investigate the roles of the RhoA/Rho kinase...

    Authors: Nobuhiro Kushida, Osamu Yamaguchi, Yohei Kawashima, Hidenori Akaihata, Junya Hata, Kei Ishibashi, Ken Aikawa and Yoshiyuki Kojima
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:9
  24. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy after a second transurethral resection (TUR) in new onset high-grade T1 bladder cancer.

    Authors: Keitaro Iida, Taku Naiki, Noriyasu Kawai, Toshiki Etani, Ryosuke Ando, Yosuke Ikegami, Takehiko Okamura, Hiroki Kubota, Atsushi Okada, Kenjiro Kohri and Takahiro Yasui
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:8
  25. Congenital giant megaureter (CGM) is uncommon in the pediatric population. The major clinical presentations are marked protruberances and abdominal cysts.

    Authors: Mingming Yu, Geng Ma, Zheng Ge, Rugang Lu, Yongji Deng and Yunfei Guo
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:7
  26. Outpatient surgery is critical to improve health care costs. The aim of the study was to prospectively evaluate the results of outpatient treatment of upper tract urinary stones by rigid or flexible ureterosco...

    Authors: Abeni Oitchayomi, Arnaud Doerfler, Sophie Le Gal, Charles Chawhan and Xavier Tillou
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:6
  27. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an important step in the process of tumor dissemination and metastasis outside the primary organ, but the relationship between LVI and the prognosis of T1 non-muscle invasive b...

    Authors: Keishiro Fukumoto, Eiji Kikuchi, Shuji Mikami, Akira Miyajima and Mototsugu Oya
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:5
  28. Measurement of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) remains an important tool in prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis. Due to limited availability of laboratory devices in an outpatient setting, compact and easy-to-h...

    Authors: Steffen Rausch, Joerg Hennenlotter, Josef Wiesenreiter, Andrea Hohneder, Julian Heinkele, Christian Schwentner, Arnulf Stenzl and Tilman Todenhöfer
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:4
  29. Current therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have low cure rates or significant side effects. It has been reported that complexes composed of interleukin (IL)-2 and stimulating anti-IL-2 antibody ...

    Authors: Kyu-Hyun Han, Ki Won Kim, Ji-Jing Yan, Jae-Ghi Lee, Eun Mi Lee, Miyeon Han, Eun Jin Cho, Seong Sik Kang, Hye Jin Lim, Tai Yeon Koo, Curie Ahn and Jaeseok Yang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2016 16:2
  30. The American Urological Association (AUA) changed their Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening guidelines in 2013 to not recommend testing in men under 55 years of age without significant risk factors (such...

    Authors: Nandu D. Dantanarayana, Tania Hossack, Paul Cozzi, Andrew Brooks, Howard Lau, Warick Delprado and Manish I. Patel
    Citation: BMC Urology 2015 15:124
  31. This study was performed to evaluate the impact of baseline characteristics and treatment methods on the outcome of sporadic renal angiomyolipoma (AML).

    Authors: Teele Kuusk, Fausto Biancari, Brian Lane, Conrad Tobert, Steven Campbell, Uri Rimon, Vito D’Andrea, Aare Mehik and Markku H. Vaarala
    Citation: BMC Urology 2015 15:123
  32. We investigated the use of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist degarelix in everyday clinical practice using registry data from uro-oncology practices in Germany.

    Authors: Götz Geiges, Thomas Harms, Gerald Rodemer, Ralf Eckert, Frank König, Rolf Eichenauer and Jörg Schroder
    Citation: BMC Urology 2015 15:122
  33. Ureteral stent removal using an extraction string is advantageous because it can obviate an invasive cystoscopy, but there is a paucity of data on how patients feel about it, and how bothersome or beneficial i...

    Authors: Dae Ji Kim, Jeong Hwan Son, Seok Heun Jang, Jae Won Lee, Dae Sung Cho and Chae Hong Lim
    Citation: BMC Urology 2015 15:121
  34. Previously reported results of a prospective, randomized placebo-controlled study showed that the pollen extract (Cernilton) significantly improved total symptoms, pain, and quality of life in patients with in...

    Authors: Hiromichi Iwamura, Takuya Koie, Osamu Soma, Teppei Matsumoto, Atsushi Imai, Shingo Hatakeyama, Takahiro Yoneyama, Yasuhiro Hashimoto and Chikara Ohyama
    Citation: BMC Urology 2015 15:120
  35. Chronic indwelling catheters may induce histologic changes within the bladder, and these changes are sometimes pre-malignant. There are many documented cases of squamous cell carcinoma associated with indwelli...

    Authors: Tyler M. Bauman, Theodora A. Potretzke, Aaron M. Potretzke, Cary L. Siegel and Steven B. Brandes
    Citation: BMC Urology 2015 15:119
  36. Prostate cancer is the second most common diagnosed cancer in men. Due to the low specificity of current diagnosis methods for detecting prostate cancer, identification of new biomarkers is highly desirable. T...

    Authors: Jin Huang, Kathleen H. Reilly, Hui-Zhen Zhang and Hai-Bo Wang
    Citation: BMC Urology 2015 15:118
  37. Health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) is an important consideration after radical cystectomy (RC). Lack of effective ways to assess HRQoL after RC and unawareness of disease-specific problems related to ileal...

    Authors: Yi Huang, Xiuwu Pan, Qiwei Zhou, Hai Huang, Lin Li, Xingang Cui, Guodong Wang, Ren Jizhong, Lei Yin, Danfeng Xu and Yi Hong
    Citation: BMC Urology 2015 15:117
  38. A Drum Dock Manager in an auto manufacturing company suffers a pelvic fracture, severing the bulbar urethra and completely fracturing the right side of his pelvis.

    Authors: Serge P. Marinkovic, Brandi Miller, Scott Hughes, Christina Marinkovic and Lisa Gillen
    Citation: BMC Urology 2015 15:115
  39. For more than forty years, graftectomy has been the standard treatment of spontaneous renal transplant rupture. However, recent evidences suggest that graft salvage strategies can be safely pursued, even in di...

    Authors: Evaldo Favi, Samuele Iesari, Alessandro Cina and Franco Citterio
    Citation: BMC Urology 2015 15:114
  40. Both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) share similar epidemiologic features and are all associated with the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-mediated hormonal imbalance. Th...

    Authors: Kuan-Chou Chen, Shian-Ying Sung, Yi-Ting Lin, Chiu-Lan Hsieh, Kun-Hung Shen, Chiung-Chi Peng and Robert Y. Peng
    Citation: BMC Urology 2015 15:113

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