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  1. In Belgium, bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer in males (5.2%) and the sixth most frequent cause of death from cancer in males (3.8%). Previous epidemiological studies have consistently reported th...

    Authors: Maria E Goossens, Frank Buntinx, Steven Joniau, Koen Ackaert, Filip Ameye, Ignace Billiet, Johan Braeckman, Alex Breugelmans, Jochen Darras, Kurt Dilen, Lieven Goeman, Eliane Kellen, Bertrand Tombal, Siska Van Bruwaene, Ben Van Cleyenbreuge, Frank Van der Aa…
    Citation: BMC Urology 2012 12:8
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  2. Growing evidence indicates that oxidative stress can be a primary cause of male infertility. Non-enzymatic antioxidants play an important protective role against oxidative damages and lipid peroxidation. Human...

    Authors: Fatma Atig, Monia Raffa, Ben-Ali Habib, Abdelhamid Kerkeni, Ali Saad and Mounir Ajina
    Citation: BMC Urology 2012 12:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Global histone modifications have been implicated in the progression of various tumour entities. Our study was designed to assess global methylation levels of histone 4 lysine 20 (H4K20me1-3) at different stag...

    Authors: Turang E Behbahani, Philip Kahl, Johannes von der Gathen, Lukas C Heukamp, Claudia Baumann, Ines Gütgemann, Bernhard Walter, Ferdinand Hofstädter, Patrick J Bastian, Alexander von Ruecker, Stefan C Müller, Sebastian Rogenhofer and Jörg Ellinger
    Citation: BMC Urology 2012 12:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a common complication of ureteral obstruction caused by urolithiasis, and it can be lethal if it progresses to septic shock. We investigated the clinical characteristics of patien...

    Authors: Yoshiyuki Yamamoto, Kazutoshi Fujita, Shigeaki Nakazawa, Takuji Hayashi, Go Tanigawa, Ryoichi Imamura, Masahiro Hosomi, Daiki Wada, Satoshi Fujimi and Seiji Yamaguchi
    Citation: BMC Urology 2012 12:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The significance of combination of docetaxel (DTX) with estramustine phosphate (EMP) in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively evaluate...

    Authors: Kazuhiko Nakano, Shigeyuki Ohta, Kenji Komatsu, Taro Kubo, Akinori Nukui, Kazumi Suzuki, Shinsuke Kurokawa, Minoru Kobayashi and Tatsuo Morita
    Citation: BMC Urology 2012 12:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Frontometaphyseal dysplasia, or Gorlin-Cohen syndrome, is an X-linked disorder primarily characterized by skeletal dysplasia, such as hyperostosis of the skull and abnormalities of tubular bone modeling. Some ...

    Authors: Ioannis Vakalopoulos, Spyridon Kampantais, Panagiotis Dimopoulos, Christos Papastavros and Vasileios Katsikas
    Citation: BMC Urology 2012 12:2
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  7. Onabotulinumtoxin A (OnabotA) injection has been investigated as a novel treatment for benign prostatic enlargement caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. An OnabotA - induced volume reduction caused by sympa...

    Authors: Tiago Gorgal, Ana Charrua, João F Silva, António Avelino, Paulo Dinis and Francisco Cruz
    Citation: BMC Urology 2012 12:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The aim was to retrospectively assess the results of treatment of upper urinary tract stones with the Sonolith vision manufactured by EDAP, and purchased in 2004.

    Authors: Kogenta Nakamura, Motoi Tobiume, Masahiro Narushima, Takahiko Yoshizawa, Genya Nishikawa, Yoshiharu Kato, Remi Katsuda, Kenji Zennami, Shigeyuki Aoki, Yoshiaki Yamada, Nobuaki Honda and Makoto Sumitomo
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Caveolae play a significant role in disease phenotypes such as cancer, diabetes, bladder dysfunction, and muscular dystrophy. The aim of this study was to elucidate the caveolin-1 ( CAV1) protein expression in re...

    Authors: Sandra Steffens, Andres J Schrader, Hanna Blasig, Gesa Vetter, Hendrik Eggers, Wolfgang Tränkenschuh, Markus A Kuczyk and Jürgen Serth
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Obstetric fistula although virtually eliminated in high income countries, still remains a prevalent and debilitating condition in many parts of the developing world. It occurs in areas where access to care at ...

    Authors: Musa Kayondo, Ssalongo Wasswa, Jerome Kabakyenga, Nozmo Mukiibi, Jude Senkungu, Amy Stenson and Peter Mukasa
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via NADPH oxidase (NOX) contributes to various types of cancer progression. In the present research, we examined the pathobiological role of NADPH oxidase (NOX)4-mediat...

    Authors: Keiji Shimada, Tomomi Fujii, Satoshi Anai, Kiyohide Fujimoto and Noboru Konishi
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Gleason scoring has experienced several modifications during the past decade. So far, only one study has compared the prognostic abilities of worst (WGS) and overall (OGS) modified Gleason scores after the ISU...

    Authors: Teemu T Tolonen, Paula M Kujala, Teuvo LJ Tammela, Vilppu J Tuominen, Jorma J Isola and Tapio Visakorpi
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Patients with spinal cord injury and a chronic indwelling urinary catheter are known to have an increased risk of bladder malignancy. However, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the epidermis around a suprapubic...

    Authors: Hiroki Ito, Masayuki Arao, Hanako Ishigaki, Noboru Ohshima, Ayako Horita, Ikuo Saito and Kotaro Hirai
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:20
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  15. The PTEN/Phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-kinase) growth factor signaling pathway plays a critical role in epithelial tumor development in a multitude of tissue types. Deletion of the Pten tumor suppressor gen...

    Authors: Nicole L Yohn, Caitlyn N Bingaman, Ashley L DuMont and Lina I Yoo
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The purpose of the present study was to determine how acute adult and/or prior early-in life (EIL; P14-P16) exposure to bladder inflammation affects bladder content of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) an...

    Authors: Amber D Shaffer, Chelsea L Ball, Meredith T Robbins, Timothy J Ness and Alan Randich
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. We evaluated the clinical significance and prognostic value of histopathological features of bladder cancer, such as subepithelial growth patterns and tumor growth pattern at the invasion front.

    Authors: Makito Miyake, Shuya Hirao, Hisakazu Mibu, Masahiro Tanaka, Kenji Takashima, Keiji Shimada and Kazuya Hirao
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Renal cell carcinoma (RCCs) is the most common malignancy of the kidney. When RCC progresses, it is known to form tumor thrombus in the renal vein and/or inferior vena cava. However, RCC does not normally form...

    Authors: Osamu Fujita, Koichiro Wada, Tomoya Yamasaki, Daisuke Manabe, Katsuji Takeda and Satoko Nakamura
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:16
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  19. Testosterone stimulates growth in many prostate tumours. The established GnRH analogue leuprolide acetate is incorporated in a novel biodegradable polymer matrix (Atrigel® delivery system), that can be administer...

    Authors: Ulf W Tunn
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Ureteral injury occurs in less than 1% of blunt abdominal trauma cases, partly because the ureters are relatively well protected in the retroperitoneum. Bilateral ureteral injury is extremely rare, with only 1...

    Authors: Fumiaki Iwase, Yoshibumi Miyazaki, Tastuho Kobayashi, Hiroko Kikuchi and Kiyoshi Mastuda
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:14
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  21. In this study, by comparing TVT surgery and TOT surgery for stress urinary incontinence in women, the characteristics and learning curves of both operative methods were studied.

    Authors: Hiroki Ito, Hiroyuki Yamanaka, Masayuki Hagiwara, Toru Furuuchi, Kazuhiro Matsumoto, Kunimitsu Kanai, Kiichiro Kodaira, Akiharu Ninomiya and So Nakamura
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50) is an adapter protein which has been shown to play an active role in a wide variety of cellular processes, including interactions with proteins related to...

    Authors: Tanner L Bartholow, Michael J Becich, Uma R Chandran and Anil V Parwani
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. There is no confirmed strategy for treating painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC) with unclear etiology. Therefore, a pilot study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hyperb...

    Authors: Tomoaki Tanaka, Yujiro Nitta, Kazuya Morimoto, Noriaki Nishikawa, Chikako Nishihara, Satoshi Tamada, Hidenori Kawashima and Tatsuya Nakatani
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Indwelling urinary catheters are the main cause of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections. It can be expected that reduction of the use of urinary catheters will lead to decreased numbers of urinary tr...

    Authors: Pieter J van den Broek, Jan C Wille, Birgit HB van Benthem, Rom JM Perenboom, M Elske van den Akker-van Marle and Barbara S Niël-Weise
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Fesoterodine, a new once daily antimuscarinic, has proven to be an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment in patients with overactive bladder (OAB). To date, no analysis has evaluated the economic costs...

    Authors: Salvador Arlandis-Guzman, Carlos Errando-Smet, Jeffrey Trocio, Daniel Arumi and Javier Rejas
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Survival rate for patients presenting muscle invasive bladder cancer is very low, and useful therapeutic target has not been identified yet. In the present study, new COX2 downstream signals involved in urothe...

    Authors: Keiji Shimada, Satoshi Anai, Develasco A Marco, Kiyohide Fujimoto and Noboru Konishi
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Primary androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a treatment option not only for advanced but also for localized prostate cancer. However, the appropriate duration for primary ADT for localized prostate cancer ha...

    Authors: Naohiro Fujimoto, Tatsuhiko Kubo, Hideo Shinsaka, Masahiro Matsumoto, Shohei Shimajiri and Tetsuro Matsumoto
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:7
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  28. We investigated the differences between the preferential primary therapy conceived by the primary doctors and the primary therapy actually conducted for prostate cancer patients in Nara, Japan.

    Authors: Nobumichi Tanaka, Kiyohide Fujimoto, Akihide Hirayama, Shoji Samma, Hitoshi Momose, Yoshiteru Kaneko, Masaki Haramoto, Yoshiki Hayashi, Yoshinori Nakagawa, Takeshi Otani, Shuji Watanabe and Yoshihiko Hirao
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The functional role of the bladder urothelium has been the focus of much recent research. The bladder mucosa contains two significant cell types: urothelial cells that line the bladder lumen and suburothelial ...

    Authors: Jacqueline R Woodman, Kylie J Mansfield, Vittoria A Lazzaro, William Lynch, Elizabeth Burcher and Kate H Moore
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Sexuality and its manifestation constitute some of the most complex of human behaviour and its disorders are encountered in community. Sexual dysfunction is more prevalent in women than in men. While studies e...

    Authors: Nafiu Amidu, William KBA Owiredu, Christian K Gyasi-Sarpong, Eric Woode and Lawrence Quaye
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Unimpaired HLA class I antigen presentation is a prerequisite for the recognition of tumor cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and thus essential for the success of anticancer immunotherapeutic concepts. Several ...

    Authors: Juliane S Stickel, Natalie Stickel, Jörg Hennenlotter, Karin Klingel, Arnulf Stenzl, Hans-Georg Rammensee and Stefan Stevanović
    Citation: BMC Urology 2011 11:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for and incidence as well as prognostic impact of pathologic fracture (PF) and metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) in patients with bone metast...

    Authors: Carsten Nieder, Ellinor Haukland, Adam Pawinski and Astrid Dalhaug
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Carcinoid is an endocrine cell tumor with low-grade atypia, which is generally a low-grade malignant cancer with a good prognosis. Metastatic renal carcinoid is even rarer than primary carcinoids.

    Authors: Yoshiharu Kato, Kogenta Nakamura, Yoshiaki Yamada, Genya Nishikawa, Takahiko Yoshizawa, Kenji Zennnami, Remi Katsuda, Motoi Tobiume, Shigeyuki Aoki, Tomohiro Taki and Nobuaki Honda
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:22
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  36. A prospective multicenter clinical study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a bovine dermal graft (Xenform® Matrix, Boston Scientific, Natick, MA, USA) during vaginal reconstructive surgery.

    Authors: Howard B Goldstein, Joseph Maccarone, Martin J Naughton, Oscar A Aguirre and Rakesh C Patel
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. To examine the expression of type 1 plasminogen inhibitor (PAI-1) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), and its possible association with microvessel density (MVD), the expression of thrombospondin-1 (TS...

    Authors: Dragomir P Zubac, Tore Wentzel-Larsen, Tomas Seidal and Leif Bostad
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Laparoscopic single-site surgery has recently emerged in the field of urology and this minimally-invasive surgery has resulted in a further reduction in morbidity compared with traditional laparoscopy. We pres...

    Authors: Kazuyuki Yuge, Akira Miyajima, Masanori Hasegawa, Yasumasa Miyazaki, Takahiro Maeda, Toshikazu Takeda, Ayano Takeda, Kazutoshi Miyashita, Isao Kurihara, Hirotaka Shibata, Eiji Kikuchi and Mototsugu Oya
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:19
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  39. Men with erectile dysfunction often have concurrent medical conditions. Conversely, men with these conditions may also have underlying erectile dysfunction. The prevalence of unrecognized erectile dysfunction ...

    Authors: Ridwan Shabsigh, Joel Kaufman, Michelle Magee, Dana Creanga, David Russell and Meeta Budhwani
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. at present, pathogenesis of bladder cancer (BC) has not been fully elucidated. Aim of this study is to investigate the role of human telomerase RNA (hTR), human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and CDC28 ...

    Authors: Letizia Mezzasoma, Cinzia Antognelli, Chiara Del Buono, Fabrizio Stracci, Emanuele Cottini, Giovanni Cochetti, Vincenzo N Talesa and Ettore Mearini
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The aim of the following study is to evaluate the advancement of incidentally diagnosed prostate cancer in specimen after cystoprostatectomies caused by muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Secondly we assessed the...

    Authors: Piotr Bryniarski, Mieczysław Fryczkowski, Paweł Pawlaczek, Krzysztof Pliszek, Grzegorz Prokopowicz, Zbigniew Kaletka and Andrzej Paradysz
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Flexible dosing of anticholinergics used for overactive bladder (OAB) treatment is a useful strategy in clinical practice for achieving a maximum effective and maximum tolerated level of therapeutic benefit. I...

    Authors: Rolf-Hasso Bödeker, Helmut Madersbacher, Claudia Neumeister and Michael Zellner
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Fesoterodine is an antimuscarinic for the treatment of overactive bladder, a syndrome of urgency, with or without urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), usually with increased daytime frequency and nocturia. Our ...

    Authors: Linda Cardozo, Vik Khullar, Ahmed El-Tahtawy, Zhonghong Guan, Bimal Malhotra and David Staskin
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Most bladder tumors are derived from the urothelium. Benign mesenchymal tumors are rare. Leiomyoma of the bladder is the most common benign neoplasm. We present a case of leiomyoma of the bladder presenting wi...

    Authors: Masashi Matsushima, Hirotaka Asakura, Hirofumi Sakamoto, Minoru Horinaga, Yoko Nakahira and Hitoshi Yanaihara
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:13
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  45. There seems to be no consensus concerning taking bladder biopsies during transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT). We investigate the clinical significance of bladder biopsy with TUR-BT and the relati...

    Authors: Masashi Matsushima, Eiji Kikuchi, Masanori Hasegawa, Kazuhiro Matsumoto, Akira Miyajima and Mototsugu Oya
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Intraurethral electrical stimulation (IES) of pudendal afferent nerve fibers can evoke both excitatory and inhibitory bladder reflexes in cats. These pudendovesical reflexes are a potential substrate for resto...

    Authors: John P Woock, Paul B Yoo and Warren M Grill
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Osteoporosis could be associated with the hormone therapy for metastatic prostate carcinoma (PCa) and with PCa per se. The objective of this review is to determine the incidence of bone loss and osteoporosis in p...

    Authors: Ary Serpa Neto, Marcos Tobias-Machado, Marcos AP Esteves, Marília D Senra, Marcelo L Wroclawski, Fernando LA Fonseca, Rodolfo B dos Reis, Antônio CL Pompeo and Auro Del Giglio
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Single minimum incision endoscopic surgery (MIES) involves the use of a flexible high-definition laparoscope to facilitate open surgery. We reviewed our method of radical nephrectomy for renal tumors, which is...

    Authors: Takao Kamai, Nobutaka Furuya, Tsunehito Kambara, Hideyuki Abe, Mikihiko Honda, Yasukazu Shioyama, Yasushi Kaji and Ken-Ichiro Yoshida
    Citation: BMC Urology 2010 10:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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