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  1. Hem-o-lok clips are widely used during robot-assisted and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy to control the lateral pedicles. There are a few reports of hem-o-lok clip migration into the bladder or vesico-uret...

    Authors: Luigi Cormio, Paolo Massenio, Giuseppe Lucarelli, Giuseppe Di Fino, Oscar Selvaggio, Salvatore Micali and Giuseppe Carrieri
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:21
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  2. Only limited data are available on the outcome of tension-free obturator tape (TOT) procedures in overweight and obese women. We would like to verify the objective and subjective outcomes of TOT in women with ...

    Authors: Carsten Frohme, Friederike Ludt, Zoltan Varga, Peter J Olbert, Rainer Hofmann and Axel Hegele
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. The hypothalamic–pituitary (h-p) unit is a particularly radiosensitive region in the central nervous system. As a consequence, radiation-induced irreversible, progressively chronic onset hypopituitarism (RIH) ...

    Authors: Yi-Ting Lin, Chia-Chun Huang, Charng-Cherng Chyau, Kuan-Chou Chen and Robert Y Peng
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:19
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  4. Few studies to date have directly compared outcomes of retropubic (RRP) and laparoscopic (LRP) radical prostatectomy. We investigated a single institution experience with RRP and LRP with respect to functional...

    Authors: Ahmed Magheli, Jonas Busch, Natalia Leva, Mark Schrader, Serdar Deger, Kurt Miller and Michael Lein
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The HOX genes are a family of transcription factors that help to determine cell and tissue identity during early development, and which are also over-expressed in a number of malignancies where they have been sho...

    Authors: Richard Morgan, Angie Boxall, Kevin J Harrington, Guy R Simpson, Agnieszka Michael and Hardev S Pandha
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. In most hospitals, several options for the management of renal stones are available: shockwave lithotripsy, endourologic treatment, or surgery. Choice of treatment is based on the anatomic characteristics of t...

    Authors: Chao Qin, Shangqian Wang, Pu Li, Qiang Cao, Pengfei Shao, Pengchao Li, Zhijian Han, Jun Tao, Xiaoxin Meng, Xiaobing Ju, Rijin Song, Jie Li, Wei Zhang, Qiang Lu and Changjun Yin
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. An association between cigarette smoking and increased risk of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been established; however, there are limited data regarding the molecular mechanisms that underlie thi...

    Authors: Jeanette E Eckel-Passow, Daniel J Serie, Brian M Bot, Richard W Joseph, John C Cheville and Alexander S Parker
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Radical prostatectomy is used to treat patients with clinically localized prostate cancer, but there have been few reports of its use in locally advanced disease. We evaluated the long-term results of radical ...

    Authors: Yuzuri Tsurumaki Sato, Hiroshi Fukuhara, Motofumi Suzuki, Tetsuya Fujimura, Tohru Nakagawa, Hiroaki Nishimatsu, Haruki Kume, Teppei Morikawa, Masashi Fukayama and Yukio Homma
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. CXCL12/CXCR4 transactivation of epidermal growth factor family receptors in lipid raft membrane microdomains on cell surface is thought to mediate tumor growth and subsequent development of metastatic disease....

    Authors: Donald Wong, Pridvi Kandagatla, Walter Korz and Sreenivasa R Chinni
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. BCG-RIVM strain was used in many treatment protocols for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer only as induction courses. Cho et al. (Anticancer Res 2012) compared BCG-RIVM induction and 'standard' maintenance (Lamm...

    Authors: Naim B Farah, Rami Ghanem and Mahmoud Amr
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Prospective studies suggested an association between pioglitazone (Actos) use and the development of bladder cancer. Cancer pathology among pioglitazone users has not been characterized. We chose to compare th...

    Authors: Victoriano Romero, Charles Peyton, Ian Gray, Ashok Hemal and Ryan Terlecki
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in older men in the United States (USA) and Western Europe. Androgen deprivation (AD) constitutes, in most cases, the first-line of treatment for these cases. The nega...

    Authors: Tobias Engel Ayer Botrel, Otávio Clark, Rodolfo Borges dos Reis, Antônio Carlos Lima Pompeo, Ubirajara Ferreira, Marcus Vinicius Sadi and Francisco Flávio Horta Bretas
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The nomograms used for prostate cancer risk assessment in Western countries are not directly applicable to Chinese males; consequently, we have developed a new model to evaluate the risk of them developing thi...

    Authors: Yuan Huang, Gong Cheng, Bianjiang Liu, Pengfei Shao, Chao Qin, Jie Li, Lixin Hua and Changjun Yin
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. The aim of this research project was the realization of an incremental bipolar radiofrequency generator with inline 4-electrode probe for partial renal resection without clamping of the vessels.

    Authors: Piero Rossi, Pierluigi Bove, Mauro Montuori, Adriano De Majo, Edoardo Ricciardi, Maurizio Mattei, Roberta Bernardini, Luigino Calzetta, Paolo Mauti, Lorenzo Intini, Valentino Quattrini, Carlo Chiaramonte and Giuseppe Vespasiani
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. To determine the effect of prostate weight on the preoperative and postoperative outcomes of robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with a posterior approach to the seminal vesicle.

    Authors: Takahiro Yasui, Keiichi Tozawa, Satoshi Kurokawa, Atsushi Okada, Kentaro Mizuno, Yukihiro Umemoto, Noriyasu Kawai, Shoichi Sasaki, Yutaro Hayashi, Yoshiyuki Kojima and Kenjiro Kohri
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. We evaluated the clinical outcome of low grade Ta bladder cancer followed-up for a long period using the 2004 WHO grading system.

    Authors: Hiroaki Kobayashi, Eiji Kikuchi, Shuji Mikami, Takahiro Maeda, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Akira Miyajima, Ken Nakagawa and Mototsugu Oya
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. The core question of the study was whether adequately achieved HD affected the sexual dysfunction in women on hemodialysis (HD) with chronic renal failure (CRF).

    Authors: Jae Heon Kim, Seung Whan Doo, Won Jae Yang, Soon Hyo Kwon, Eun Seop Song, Hong Jun Lee, Ik Sung Lim, Hyun Hwang and Yun Seob Song
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. To investigate functional aspects of silent ureteral stones with special focus on obstruction and its relationship to renal anatomy. The present study is the first investigation of renal excretory function in ...

    Authors: Florian Wimpissinger, Christopher Springer, Amir Kurtaran, Walter Stackl and Christian Türk
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Although cystitis glandularis (CG) is a common benign urinary bladder epithelial abnormality, it remains unclear whether CG is a premalignant lesion. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) over...

    Authors: Zhongxing Li, Guangcheng Ge, Rui Feng, Dan Wu, Bin Shen, Xing Wang, Yan Cui, Junrong Li and Xiaobing Ju
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The reporting of post-operative complications in the urological field is lacking of a uniform quantitative measure to assess severity, which is essential in the analysis of surgical outcomes. The purpose of th...

    Authors: Jonathan Beilan, Ruth Strakosha, Diego Aguilar Palacios and Charles J Rosser
    Citation: BMC Urology 2014 14:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Although African ancestry represents a significant risk factor for prostate cancer, few studies have investigated the significance of prostate cancer and relevance of previously defined genetic and epidemiolog...

    Authors: Elizabeth A Tindall, MS Riana Bornman, Smit van Zyl, Alpheus M Segone, L Richard Monare, Philip A Venter and Vanessa M Hayes
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to have benefit in T1 high-grade or T2 bladder cancer. However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy fails in some patients. Careful patient selection for neoadjuvant chemotherapy i...

    Authors: Shunichiro Nomura, Yasutomo Suzuki, Ryo Takahashi, Mika Terasaki, Ryoji Kimata, Tsutomu Hamasaki, Go Kimura, Akira Shimizu and Yukihiro Kondo
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma is the third most common form of adult renal epithelial neoplasm. A sarcomatoid component occurs in approximately 8% of all chromophobe renal cell carcinoma cases, while metapl...

    Authors: Yoshimi Tanaka, Takuya Koie, Shingo Hatakeyama, Yasuhiro Hashimoto and Chikara Ohyama
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:72
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  24. About 3 – 5% of all patients with testicular germ cell tumour (GCT) develop a contralateral cancer, the majority of which arise within 10–15 years. Little is known about the risk of second GCTs after more than...

    Authors: Klaus-Peter Dieckmann, Petra Anheuser, Florentine Sattler, Tobias Von Kügelgen, Cord Matthies and Christian Ruf
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:71
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  28. Higher physical activity levels are continence-protective in non-prostate cancer populations. Primary aims of this study were to investigate changes in physical activity levels over the perioperative period in...

    Authors: Sean F Mungovan, Bregtje P Huijbers, Andrew D Hirschhorn and Manish I Patel
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Penile self-injection of various oils is still carried out among Eastern Europe people for penile girth augmentation despite the potential destructive complications of this practice are well known. Penile reac...

    Authors: Mario De Siati, Oscar Selvaggio, Giuseppe Di Fino, Giuseppe Liuzzi, Paolo Massenio, Francesca Sanguedolce, Giuseppe Carrieri and Luigi Cormio
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:66
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  30. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become a promising diagnostic tool in many medical fields. In particular, noninvasive real-time optical biopsy of internal organs is one of the most attractive applicatio...

    Authors: Masaomi Ikeda, Kazumasa Matsumoto, Donghak Choi, Morihiro Nishi, Tetsuo Fujita, Kohji Ohbayashi, Kimiya Shimizu and Masatsugu Iwamura
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:65
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  32. Nephrometric scoring systems aim to improve the manner in which tumoral complexity is measured and reported. Each system provides a way to objectively measure specific tumor features that influence technical f...

    Authors: Tarık Esen, Ömer Acar, Ahmet Musaoğlu and Metin Vural
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) has been proposed for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB), non-obstructive urinary retention (NOUR), neurogenic bladder, paediatric voiding dysfuncti...

    Authors: Gabriele Gaziev, Luca Topazio, Valerio Iacovelli, Anastasios Asimakopoulos, Angelo Di Santo, Cosimo De Nunzio and Enrico Finazzi-Agrò
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Chronic expanding hematoma is a rare condition that develops after surgery, trauma, or injury. It can also develop at any location in the body in the absence of trauma. Clinical findings and various diagnostic...

    Authors: Takahiro Syuto, Motoaki Hatori, Nomura Masashi, Yoshitaka Sekine and Kazuhiro Suzuki
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:60
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  36. Nigeria is one of the top three countries in Africa in terms of science research output and Nigerian urologists’ biomedical research output contributes to this. Each year, urologists in Nigeria gather to prese...

    Authors: Jibril Oyekunle Bello
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. European treatment guidelines recommend the use of hormonal therapy for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, including castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but there is little understanding of ho...

    Authors: Cora N Sternberg, Edwina S Baskin-Bey, Mark Watson, Andrew Worsfold, Alex Rider and Bertrand Tombal
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The vaccine was efficiently effective against bladder cancer in earlier studies. However, a part of the mouse bladder tumour regrew due to regression after a period of time as the cancer stem cells could not b...

    Authors: Yong-tong Zhu, Cheng-yong Lei, Yang Luo, Na Liu, Cheng-wu He, Wei Chen, Fei Li, Yong-jian Deng and Wan-long Tan
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Uro-oncological neoplasms have both a high incidence and mortality rate and are therefore a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate research activity in uro-oncology over the last de...

    Authors: Frank Kunath, Steffen F Krause, Bernd Wullich, Peter J Goebell, Dirk G Engehausen, Maximilian Burger, Joerg J Meerpohl and Bastian Keck
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. A few single case reports and only one clinical series have been published so far about the use of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in the treatment of urinary fistulas persisting after conventional urinary drainage.

    Authors: Cesare Selli, Maurizio De Maria, Michele Manica, Filippo Maria Turri and Francesca Manassero
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:55
    Content type: Case report Published on:

  41. To determine whether neuregulin-1(NRG-1) is a potential new biomarker of overactive bladder (OAB) induced by partial urethral obstruction in a rat model of OAB and to evaluate the urothelium as a therapeutic t...

    Authors: Hoon Jang, Dong Seok Han and Seung Mo Yuk
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The nodal status is a strong predictor for cancer specific death in patients with penile carcinoma, and the C-reactive protein (CRP) level at diagnosis has recently been shown to be associated with poor clinic...

    Authors: Andreas Al Ghazal, Sandra Steffens, Julie Steinestel, Rieke Lehmann, Thomas J Schnoeller, Anna Schulte-Hostede, Gerd Wegener, Florian Jentzmik, Mark Schrader, Markus A Kuczyk and Andres J Schrader
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. To compare demographics, pathologic features, performance scores, comorbidities, symptoms and responses to quality of life (QoL) surveys between nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) and radical nephrectomy (RN) patie...

    Authors: Michelle L Arnold, David D Thiel, Nancy Diehl, Kevin J Wu, Steve Ames and Alexander S Parker
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:52
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Overactive bladder (OAB) is associated with high healthcare costs, which may be partially driven by drug treatment. There is little comparative data on antimuscarinic drugs with respect to resource use and cos...

    Authors: Antoni Sicras-Mainar, Javier Rejas, Ruth Navarro-Artieda, Alba Aguado-Jodar, Amador Ruiz-Torrejón, Jordi Ibáñez-Nolla and Marion Kvasz
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are essential for maintaining tissue integrity by regulating intercellular and cell to extracellular matrix interactions. Cadherins and catenins are CAMs that are located on the ...

    Authors: José Pontes-Júnior, Ricardo Luís Vita Nunes, Sabrina Thalita dos Reis, Luiz Carlos N de Oliveira, Nayara Viana, Katia Ramos Moreira Leite, Homero Bruschini and Miguel Srougi
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Radiotherapy is an increasingly preferred treatment option for localized prostate cancer, and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) a relatively established modality of therapeutic irradiation. The presen...

    Authors: Giampaolo Bolzicco, Maria Silvia Favretto, Ninfa Satariano, Enrico Scremin, Carmelo Tambone and Andrea Tasca
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Sacral neuromodulation operations have usually been performed based on 2D fluoro images. However, sacral nerve stimulation lead implantation may be challenging when the normal anatomy is confused by obesity or...

    Authors: Pekka A Hellström, Jani Katisko, Pertti Finnilä and Markku H Vaarala
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:48
    Content type: Technical advance Published on:

  48. Management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumor thrombus extending to the renal vein and inferior vena cava (IVC) is challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of surgical management in...

    Authors: Shingo Hatakeyama, Takahiro Yoneyama, Itsuto Hamano, Hiromi Murasawa, Takuma Narita, Masaaki Oikawa, Kazuhisa Hagiwara, Daisuke Noro, Toshikazu Tanaka, Yoshimi Tanaka, Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Takuya Koie and Chikara Ohyama
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Flexible cystoscopy is used in urological outpatient departments for diagnostic cystoscopy of bladder cancer and requires a high-level disinfection between each patient. The purpose of this study was to make a...

    Authors: Peter Hjorth Jørgensen, Torsten Slotsbjerg, Henrik Westh, Vicki Buitenhuis and Gregers Gautier Hermann
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Antimuscarinic agents are currently the predominant treatment option for the clinical management of the symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB). However, low rates of persistence with these agents highlight the n...

    Authors: Vik Khullar, Javier Cambronero, Javier C Angulo, Marianne Wooning, Mary Beth Blauwet, Caroline Dorrepaal and Nancy E Martin
    Citation: BMC Urology 2013 13:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:
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